r

r U+0072, r LATIN SMALL LETTER R ← q [U+0071] Basic Latin s → [U+0073]

Modification of capital letter R by not closing the bottom of the loop but continuing into the leg to save a pen stroke, later shortening the right leg into a simple arc.

• ꝛ (archaic)

r (upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter R):  Ŕŕ  Řř  Ṙṙ  Ŗŗ  Ȑȑ  Ȓȓ  Ṛṛ  Ṝṝ  Ṟṟ  Ɍɍ  Ɽɽ  ᵲ  ᶉ  ɼ  ɾ  ᵳ  Ʀʀ  Ｒｒ
• (select symbols) ® ℝ ɻ r̃
• (other scripts) Cyrillic р (r) я (ja), Greek ρ (r, “rho”), Hebrew ר (r, “resh”), Hangeul ㄹ (r, “rieul”)
• dog's letter

• Pronunciation of IPA [rɑː, ɑrrɑː] with the sound [r]:

  (file)

r

1. Abbreviation of ronto-.
2. (engineering, geometry) radius
3. (IPA) (a) an alveolar trill.

   (b) Used in broad transcription for any rhotic consonant, e.g. in English, French or Japanese where the ⟨r⟩ is not a trill [r].

   (c) (superscript ⟨ʳ⟩) an [r]-trill release (of a plosive); a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [r].

   (d) (superscript, obsolete) a non-trilled rhotic coloration or offglide of a vowel; a rhotic vowel, now formed with ⟨◌˞⟩ or a more-precise transcription such as ⟨ʴ⟩ – see ⟨ʳ⟩.

4. (transcription) used in several romanization systems of non-Latin scripts to represent various rhotic sounds:
   1. Romanization of the Hebrew ר (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš”) in the Common Israeli, Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006), and ISO 259 transliteration schemes
   2. Romanization of the Hebrew רּ (“reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”) in the Common Israeli transliteration scheme
5. (chemistry) of a tactic diad, having structural units in opposition.
6. (physics) relative. E.g. vr or v_r for relative velocity.

• (Romanization of רּ, “reish”, “resh”, “rēš ḥāzāq”): rr (in the Hebrew Academy (1953 and 2006) and ISO 259 transliteration schemes)

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of R, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase R in Fraktur

Other representations of R:

NATO phonetic: Romeo Morse code: ·–· Braille: ⠗ ASL Manual: R

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

Old English lower case letter r, from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case r of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚱ.

• (letter name):

  (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/

  Audio (UK):

  (file)

  (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/

  Audio (US):

  (file)

  (Ireland) IPA^(key): /ɔːɹ/

  (African-American Vernacular) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹə/

  Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

• (phoneme):

  (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /ɹ/ or a lengthening of the previous vowel, (rhotic) IPA^(key): /ɹ/

r (lower case, upper case R, plural rs or r's)

1. The eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The ordinal number eighteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

From are and our, pronounced like the name of the letter r.

r

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of are.

   How r u ― How are you?

   • 2018, Tommy Orange, “Jacquie Red Feather”, in There There, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, →ISBN, page 100:

     What r u doing? Jacquie texted Opal. She put her phone on the bed and went to her suitcase to get her swimsuit.

r

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of our.
   • 2013, Jessica Burkhart, Home for Christmas (Canterwood Crest; Super Special), New York, NY: Aladdin M!X, →ISBN, page 44:

     This was supposed 2 be a SURPRISE, but the girls got it out of me. ☺ I wanted all of us 2 spend Xmas 2gether. By all, I mean r horses 2. Sooo . . . B, C, G, Z, & D, you have guests waiting @ BC. Zane, Valentino, Scout, Nero, & Polo r there! Now we can ride r horses when we r not volunteering & spend Xmas w them. ☺

Abbreviations.

r

1. (stenoscript) the sound sequence /ɑr/, including the verb are
2. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of her and inflection hers.
3. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of our, inflection ours, and homophone hour.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r lower case (upper case R)

1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ere/, [e̞.re̞]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. A letter of the Mazahua alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ⱥ ⱥ, A̱ a̱, B b, C c, Cꞌ cꞌ, Cj cj, Cu cu, Cꞌu cꞌu, Cju cju, Ch ch, Chꞌ chꞌ, Chj chj, D d, Dy dy, E e, Ɇ ɇ, E̱ e̱, G g, Gu gu, Hu hu, ꞌHu ꞌhu, I i, I̱ i̱, J j, Jꞌ jꞌ, Jm jm, Jn jn, Jñ jñ, Ju ju, Jy jy, L l, M m, Mꞌ mꞌ, N n, Nꞌ nꞌ, Ñ ñ, Ñꞌ ñꞌ, O o, Ø ø, O̱ o̱, P p, Pj pj, R r, S s, T t, Tꞌ tꞌ, Tj tj, Ts ts, Tsꞌ tsꞌ, Tsj tsj, U u, Ꞹ ꞹ, U̱ u̱, X x, Z z, Zh zh, ꞌ

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɛr/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• bekakte r

• Previous letter: q
• Next letter: s

• 'r

The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was rꜣ. The extension in meaning to ‘part, piece, fraction’ might be either by way of a mouthful being used as a standard share in some distribution of food or goods,^[1] or else extended from its meaning of ‘opening’ > ‘division’.

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: er
• (modern Egyptological, as pronounced by Americans) IPA^(key): /ɝ/

 m

1. mouth (of humans or animals)
   • Reign of Amenemhat II or Senusret II, c. 1929–1878 BCE, Stela of Hekaib (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78):

     jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m r(ꜣ).f

     I was an excellent individual, one who spoke with his own mouth.

2. (figuratively, chiefly in titles) speaker, mouthpiece
3. utterance, statement
4. especially, ritual utterance, spell
5. (rare) language, manner of speech
6. opening, hole
7. bodily orifice, opening of the human body in general, including eyes, ears, nostrils, the vulva, and open wounds
8. entrance to a building or other enclosed structure, doorway
   • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 8–9:

     
     

     jw hy n rꜥ r r(ꜣ) ꜥꜣwj tꜣ hnw n.k srq ꜣḫw ꜥq.k sbꜣ n(j) wrt

     May there be cries of joy for Ra at the opening of the double doors of the earth, and acclaim for you who make the akh-spirits breathe when you enter the door of the Great (i.e. the afterworld).

9. entrance to a land or place in general
10. mouth of a river
11. water’s edge, waterline
12. (especially in compounds) place or thing seen as an opening from one point to another, passage, thoroughfare
13. a measure of volume equivalent to ¹⁄₃₂ of a hnw or ¹⁄₃₂₀ of a ḥqꜣt (about 15 millilitres); mouthful
14. part, piece, fraction
15. (mathematics) used as a numerator of 1 in fractions, literally “piece of (the denominator)”.
    • 12th Dynasty, Siut Tomb I, 285, published in Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, The inscriptions of Siûṭ and Dêr Rîfeh:

      r(ꜣ) ḫmtw-št sjsjw

      ¹⁄₃₆₀

In the sense of ‘mouth’ the plural is rare, as the singular is usually used even in reference to the mouths of multiple people.

The senses relating to ‘opening, doorway’ sometimes carry different determinatives:

The sense ‘water’s edge’ is similarly sometimes found with a different determinative:

• Demotic: rꜣ
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro), ⲣⲱ⸗ (rō⸗)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro), ⲣⲉ- (re-), ⲣⲱ⸗ (rō⸗)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲁ (la), ⲗⲉ- (le-), ⲗⲱ⸗ (lō⸗)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro), ⲣⲱ⸗ (rō⸗)
  • Old Coptic: ⲣⲱ⸗ (rō⸗)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro), ⲣⲁ- (ra-), ⲣⲉ- (re-), ⲣⲱ⸗ (rō⸗)

Possibly cognate to Hebrew אֶל (ʾel, “to, at”), Arabic إِلَى (ʔilā, “to, until, near”).^[4]

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: er
• (modern Egyptological, US) IPA^(key): /ɝ/

1. regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to
2. in order to, for (the purpose of)
3. (with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic prospective of a verb
4. (with verbs of motion, of places) to, towards
5. (in adverbial sentences, of places, roles, or functions) headed for, destined for, bound for
6. (of time) at, in, on
7. against, in opposition to
8. from, apart from (ablative)
9. (after an adjective or adverb, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to
10. (generally in sentence-initial form jr) introduces the protasis of a conditional sentence; if, when, as
11. (with a verb in the terminative as object) until

• Demotic: r, jw, jr⸗, r.r⸗, r.ḥr⸗, r.jr⸗, r.j.jr⸗
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁ- (a-), ⲁⲣⲁ⸗ (ara⸗)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲗⲁ⸗ (ela⸗)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁ- (a-)
  • Old Coptic: ⲁ- (a-), ⲁⲣⲁ⸗ (ara⸗)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)

 enclitic

1. (with attached suffix pronoun) so, regarding (that, you, me, etc.), as for (that, you, me, etc.)

This usage is distinguished from the preposition by the fact that it occurs as the enclitic second element in a clause instead of at the end of a clause, as is otherwise the case with prepositional phrases.

• 𓂋

• “rʾ (lemma ID 92560)”, “r (lemma ID 91900)”, and “jr (lemma ID 28170)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 103.6–103.9
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 386.6–388.10, 389.1–392.10
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 145–146
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 65, 71, 87, 118, 170, 179–180, 196, 410–411.
• Gardiner, Alan (1957) Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, third edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 429
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 42

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ro/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/

• Audio:

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called ro and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z

• IPA^(key): /ˈerː/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

• IPA^(key): /ɹ/

r (upper case R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstavur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, Y y, Ý ý, Æ æ, Ø ø

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and r for information on the development of the glyph itself.

• Audio; “är, kärrynpyörä, särky, är”:

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called är or er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɛʁ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• IPA^(key): /ɾ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

r

1. Romanization of 𐍂

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): [ˈr]
• (letter name): IPA^(key): [ˈɛrː]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called err and written in the Latin script.

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	r	r-ek
accusative	r-et	r-eket
dative	r-nek	r-eknek
instrumental	r-rel	r-ekkel
causal-final	r-ért	r-ekért
translative	r-ré	r-ekké
terminative	r-ig	r-ekig
essive-formal	r-ként	r-ekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	r-ben	r-ekben
superessive	r-en	r-eken
adessive	r-nél	r-eknél
illative	r-be	r-ekbe
sublative	r-re	r-ekre
allative	r-hez	r-ekhez
elative	r-ből	r-ekből
delative	r-ről	r-ekről
ablative	r-től	r-ektől
non-attributive possessive - singular	r-é	r-eké
non-attributive possessive - plural	r-éi	r-ekéi

Possessive forms of r
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	r-em	r-jeim
2nd person sing.	r-ed	r-jeid
3rd person sing.	r-je	r-jei
1st person plural	r-ünk	r-jeink
2nd person plural	r-etek	r-jeitek
3rd person plural	r-jük	r-jeik

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.

• r in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Рð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

• (context pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɾ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɾe/

r (upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case R)

1. The sixteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called erre and written in the Latin script.

Borrowed from Tagalog r. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English r.

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ʔaɾ/ [ʔʌɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɾ/ [ɾ]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[4] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and r for development of the glyph itself.

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. A letter in the Latin alphabet, representing the sound /r/

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, V v, X x, Y y, Z z

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

• IPA^(key): [ɾ]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti: Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēd̦; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, D̦ d̦, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-second letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

r (r⁵／r⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄖ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 兒／儿

• Wenlin Pinyin dictionary
• erhua on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IPA^(key): [r], (more recently among some speakers) [ʁ]

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• In the syllable coda, ⟨r⟩ is vowelized to [ɐ̯], creating diphthongs (similarly to German and non-rhotic English). After ⟨ia, ua⟩, insofar as they have [ɐ̯] to begin with, it may be lost entirely.
• In Sylt and Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨r⟩ before a voiceless stop is frequently not vowelized, but becomes [x] instead. This development is not related (or at least not directly so) to the use of uvular R, since it happens equally in those speakers who say [r].

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ærː/, /æɾː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /r/, /ɾ/, /ʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

r

1. The eighteenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• /ʁ/ is the pronunciation of r usually found in southern and southeastern dialects of Norway. Bergen has the dialect best known for this sound. Said to come from Danish and/or German, originally from French.
• Dialects with /ʁ/ do not have retroflex consonants.
• Silent before l in many dialects, such as [ˈdɔːlɪ] or [ˈdɔrlɪ] (dårlig/dårleg).

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twentieth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and r for development of the glyph itself.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛr/

r (upper case R, lower case)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Polish alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à,  â, àã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. (International Standard) The twenty-second letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-third letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “R, r”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14

• IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Romanian alphabet, called er, re, or rî and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ă ă,  â, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, Πî, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Ș ș, T t, Ț ț, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by p and followed by s. Its traditional name is ruis (“elder”).

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

• R (uppercase)

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (Cyrillic spelling р)

1. The 23rd letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by p and followed by s.

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and r for development of the glyph itself.

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

• IPA^(key): (phoneme) /ɾ/, /r/
• IPA^(key): (letter name) /ˈere/ [ˈe.re]

  • Audio (Spain):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -ere

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Swedish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Borrowed from Spanish r. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English r.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish r.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔaɾ/ [ˈʔaɾ] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • IPA^(key): /ˈɾa/ [ˈɾa] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -a
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔeɾe/ [ˈʔɛː.ɾɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -eɾe
  • IPA^(key): /ɾ/ [ɾ] (phoneme)

r (lower case, upper case R, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

1. The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ar and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

r (lower case, upper case R, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)

1. The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ra and written in the Latin script.

r (lower case, upper case R, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)

1. (historical) The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ere and written in the Latin script.

• “r”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɾ/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkish alphabet, called re and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a ( â), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i (Πî), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u (Û û), Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /r/

r (upper case R)

1. The twenty-first letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

• (standard) IPA^(key): /ɛr/
  • (informal) IPA^(key): /r/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The twenty-third letter of the Welsh alphabet, called er and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by ph and followed by rh.

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “r”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɾ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɾí/

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The nineteenth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called rí and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y

r (lower case, upper case R)

1. The eighteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

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