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Page categories
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Short for barazoku, from Japanese 薔薇族 (barazoku, literally “rose tribe”), the name of Japan's first modern gay men's magazine, named after a post-World War II term for gay men.
Noun
[edit]bara (uncountable)
- (Internet slang) A genre of homoerotic media, usually manga and often pornographic, made by gay men for gay men in Japan.
- (Internet slang) Gay male media of a similar style and aesthetic, regardless of the creator's gender or ethnicity.
- (Internet slang) Any homoerotic media or pornography that accentuates macho masculinity; gay porn.
Usage notes
[edit]- The term barazoku was once relatively more common in the Japanese gay community (the magazine Barazoku starting publication in 1971), but has long since gone out of fashion in Japan, having been replaced by terms like ガチムチ (gachimuchi).
- The term bara often contrasts with yaoi, which is gay male media usually made by heterosexual women to appeal to other heterosexual women. Whereas bara typically emphasizes masculine homoeroticism and frank explicit sexual situations, yaoi typically emphasizes the androgynous bishonen aesthetic and depicts emotional romantic relationships.
Adjective
[edit]bara (uncountable)
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara (plural baras)
Anagrams
[edit]Afar
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bará f
Declension
[edit]Declension of bará | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | bará | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | bará | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | bará | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | bará | |||||||||||||||||
|
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bára
- predicative of bár
References
[edit]- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 68
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Breton
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Welsh bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara m (plural baraioù)
Inflection
[edit]g=mPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | |
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | bara | vara | unchanged | para |
plural | baraioù | varaioù | unchanged | paraioù |
Derived terms
[edit]- bara amanenn
- bara an aelez
- bara an aoter
- bara ar Rouanez
- bara brizh
- bara du
- bara gwenn
- bara krazet
- bara-an-evn
- bara-an-hoc'h
- bara-an-ozhac'h-kozh
- bara-choanenn
- bara-chokolad
- bara-gad
- bara-gavr
- bara-kann
- bara-koukoug
- bara-laezh
- bara-ludu
- bara-mel
- bara-mor
- bara-oaled
- bara-rezin
- bara-tiegezh
- baraa
- baraek
- baraenn
- baraer
- baraerezh
- baraiñ
References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “bara”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 17
Cebuano
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Hyphenation: ba‧ra
Noun
[edit]bara
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Caribbean Hindustani bára, possibly from Hindi बड़ा (baṛā). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara m (plural bara's)
- (originally Suriname) vada (a savoury doughnut made of mung bean flour)
- 2021 July 4, “Gezellige sfeer bij vaccinatie in PL-centrum [Congenial atmosphere at vaccination drive at PL party headquarters]”, in StarNieuws[2], retrieved 7 December 2022:
- Uit enkele speakers dendert soca en zouk muziek[sic]. In de lucht hangt de geur van versgebakken bara's en kip.
- Soca and zouk music thumps from a couple of loudspeakers. The smell of freshly fried vadas and chicken wafts through the air.
Further reading
[edit]- Bara (snack) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl
Faroese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]bara (third person singular past indicative baraði, third person plural past indicative baraðu, supine barað)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of bara (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | bara | |
supine | barað | |
participle (a6)1 | barandi | baraður |
present | past | |
first singular | bari | baraði |
second singular | barar | baraði |
third singular | barar | baraði |
plural | bara | baraðu |
imperative | ||
singular | bara! | |
plural | barið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Etymology 2
[edit]Adverb
[edit]bara
Synonyms
[edit]- (I wish): gævi
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara m (uncountable)
- (Ivory Coast slang) work, labour
- 2019 April 1, La rappeuse NASH, “La rappeuse NASH nommée ambassadrice nationale UNICEF”, in A UNICEF press release, spread by Ivorian.net, Fratmat, Allafrica, Afrique Femme, Abidjan TV, Ivoire Soir, Africa Hot News:
- Ma science pour les gopios, c’est de : couman fah-fah avec eux, prendre dra de leur melanhement, de leur miria, djaouli ceux qui veulent fraya au souklou, ou avoir un bara djidji par rapport à un graya général demso, decrou un bon soutrali par rapport à les bognan et leur gué un nouveau douahou et mettre mon fangan au-devant pour leurs wés.
- My science for the children is: to do some plain talk with them, discover their troubles, their concerns, to make provisions for those who want to go to school, or to have some real work in relation to a general sustenance, to render some good help in relation to their problems and give them a new chance, and to apply my power for their dreams.
Verb
[edit]bara
- (Ivory Coast slang) to work, to labour
Hausa
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]barā̀ m (feminine baranyā̀, plural barōrī, possessed form baràn)
- servant
- A young person who out of respect volunteers to work for someone from time to time.
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bar̃ā̀ f (plural bàr̃ā̀ce-bàr̃ā̀ce, possessed form bar̃àr̃)
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bā̀r̃ā f (possessed form bā̀r̃ar̃)
- one's focus (e.g., in aiming at or attempting to catch something)
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bā̀ra f (possessed form bā̀rar̃)
Adverb
[edit]bā̀ra
Hiligaynon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Spanish vara/barra.
Noun
[edit]bára
Ibatan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.
Noun
[edit]bara
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Danish bare (“barely, only”). First attested in the 18th c..[1] Compare Swedish bara.
Adverb
[edit]bara
- only, just, if only
- Ég á bara 200 krónur.
- I only have 200 krónur.
- Bara að hann hringi í mig...
- If only he'd call me...
- (emphatic, postpositive) only, just
- Þegiðu bara!
- Just shut up!
- Gerðu þetta bara og þegiðu!
- Just do it and shut up.
Synonyms
[edit]- (emphatic: just): barasta
Derived terms
[edit]- af því bara (aþþí bara, af því barasta; just because)
References
[edit]- ^ “bara” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
Ilocano
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq.
Noun
[edit]bara
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara (first-person possessive baraku, second-person possessive baramu, third-person possessive baranya)
Iraqw
[edit]Adverb
[edit]bara
References
[edit]- Mous, Maarten, Qorro, Martha, Kießling, Roland (2002) Iraqw-English Dictionary (Kuschitische Sprachstudien), volume 18, Köln, Germany: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, →ISBN, page 11
Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Irish bara (“flow; intention, design”). Probably related to Middle Irish baramail (“opinion, expectation”).
Noun
[edit]bara f (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Irish bara (“barrow”), borrowed from Old Norse barar.
Noun
[edit]bara m (genitive singular bara, nominative plural baraí)
Derived terms
[edit]- bara láimhe (“hand-barrow”)
- bara rotha (“wheel-barrow”)
Declension
[edit]
|
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | eclipsis |
---|---|---|
bara | bhara | mbara |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bara”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 bara”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bara”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “bara”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Lombardic bāra (“bier, litter”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to carry”). Compare German Bahre (“bier, stretcher”).
Noun
[edit]bara f (plural bare)
- bier (litter to transport the corpse of a dead person)
- 1316–c. 1321, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XI”, in Paradiso [Heaven][3], lines 115–117; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate][4], 2nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:
- e del suo grembo l’anima preclara
mover si volle, tornando al suo regno,
e al suo corpo non volle altra bara.- And from her bosom the illustrious soul wished to depart, returning to its realm, and for its body wished no other bier.
- coffin (box in which a person is buried)
- Synonym: (regional) tabuto
- Il cadavere fu deposto nella bara.
- The body was placed in the coffin.
- (obsolete) litter, stretcher
- (religion) a carriage used to transport a saint's relics
- an animal-drawn carriage typical of Tuscany and Liguria
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]bara
- inflection of barare:
Further reading
[edit]- bara in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Anagrams
[edit]Jamaican Creole
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bara
- Alternative form of borrow
- 1995, English World-wide, volumes 16-17, Julius Groos Verlag, page 214:
- “So, mii en ha fi fain mi uona wie fi se ina Jamiekan aal kain a sinting we piipl a taak bout wen dem a stodi langgwij . Mek mi shuo unu wa ... Mi bara di Rasta wod 'grounieshan' we dem yuuz fi seshan we dem miit an riizn . Mi tek i an yuuz i fi [...]”
- Well, I had to find my own way to express all sorts of things in Jamaican Creole which people talk about when they study languages. Let me show you what [...] I'm borrowing the Rasta word "Grounation" which they use for sessions where they get together and discuss important matters. I took it and used it to [...]
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]bara
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]bara
- Romanization of ꦧꦫ
Khalaj
[edit]Perso-Arabic | بَرا |
---|
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Persian برا (barâ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Postposition
[edit]bara
References
[edit]- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Kikuyu
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 1 with a disyllabic stem, together with ndaka, and so on.
- (Kiambu)
- (Limuru) As for Tonal Class, Yukawa (1981) classifies this term into a group including cindano, huko, iburi, igego, igoti, ini (pl. mani), inooro, irigũ, irũa, iturubarĩ (pl. maturubarĩ), kĩbaata, kĩmũrĩ, kũgũrũ, mũciĩ, mũgeni, mũgũrũki, mũmbirarũ, mũndũ, mũri, mũthuuri, mwaki (“fire”), mwario (“way of speaking”), mbogoro, nda, ndaka, ndigiri, ngo, njagathi, njogu, nyondo (“breast(s)”), and so on.[1]
Noun
[edit]bara class 9/10 (plural bara)
References
[edit]- “barabara” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 24. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." In Journal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
Laboya
[edit]Preposition
[edit]bara
References
[edit]- Rina, A. Dj., Kabba, John Lado B. (2011) “bara”, in Kamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page 8
Latvian
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara m
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah, from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara (Jawi spelling بارا, plural bara-bara, informal 1st possessive baraku, 2nd possessive baramu, 3rd possessive baranya)
Derived terms
[edit]Regular affixed derivations:
- pembaraan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- perbara [causative passive] (peR-)
- perbaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- membara [agent focus] (meN-)
- membarai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- berbara [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
Descendants
[edit]- Indonesian: bara
References
[edit]- "bara" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
- “bara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mansaka
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq, compare Old Javanese warah.
Verb
[edit]bara
- to warn
Maranao
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]bara
- inflection of bær:
Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old English bēr.
Noun
[edit]bāra f
Descendants
[edit]Old Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse bera, bara (East Old Norse), from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Verb
[edit]bara
Conjugation
[edit]present | past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | bara | — | |||
participle | barandi, -e | baraþer | |||
active voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | barar | bari, -e | — | baraþi, -e | baraþi, -e |
þū | barar | bari, -e | bara | baraþi, -e | baraþi, -e |
han | barar | bari, -e | — | baraþi, -e | baraþi, -e |
vīr | barum, -om | barum, -om | barum, -om | baraþum, -om | baraþum, -om |
īr | barin | barin | barin | baraþin | baraþin |
þēr | bara | barin | — | baraþu, -o | baraþin |
mediopassive voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | baras | baris, -es | — | baraþis, -es | baraþis, -es |
þū | baras | baris, -es | — | baraþis, -es | baraþis, -es |
han | baras | baris, -es | — | baraþis, -es | baraþis, -es |
vīr | barums, -oms | barums, -oms | — | baraþums, -oms | baraþums, -oms |
īr | barins | barins | — | baraþins | baraþins |
þēr | baras | barins | — | baraþus, -os | baraþins |
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French barrer (“to bar”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]a bara (third-person singular present barează, past participle barat) 1st conj.
- to bar, to block
- Synonym: bloca
- to strike through
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | a bara | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | barând | ||||||
past participle | barat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | barez | barezi | barează | barăm | barați | barează | |
imperfect | baram | barai | bara | baram | barați | barau | |
simple perfect | barai | barași | bară | bararăm | bararăți | barară | |
pluperfect | barasem | baraseși | barase | baraserăm | baraserăți | baraseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să barez | să barezi | să bareze | să barăm | să barați | să bareze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | barează | barați | |||||
negative | nu bara | nu barați |
Rwanda-Rundi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-bàda.
Verb
[edit]-bara (infinitive kubara, perfective -baze)
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bara.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bȁra f (Cyrillic spelling ба̏ра)
Declension
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara (Cyrillic spelling бара)
References
[edit]- “bara”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
Shona
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Portuguese bala.
Noun
[edit]bará class 5 (plural mapará class 6)
Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic بَرّ (barr, “mainland”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara (n class, plural bara) or bara (ma class, plural mabara)
- mainland
- continent
- Synonym: kontinenti
See also
[edit](continents) mabara; Afrika (“Africa”), Amerika (“America”), Antaktika (“Antarctica”) or Antaktiki, Asia (“Asia”), Ulaya (“Europe”) or Uropa, Amerika ya Kaskazini (“North America”), Australia (“Oceania”), Amerika ya Kusini (“South America”) (Category: sw:Continents) [edit]
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Swedish bara, from Old Norse *bara (“barely, only”), from *barr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (“bare”). Compare Icelandic bara.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Sweden) IPA(key): /²bɑːra/
Audio: (file) - (colloquial, unstressed) IPA(key): /ba/
- (Finland) IPA(key): /bɑrɑ/
- Rhymes: -²ɑːra
Adjective
[edit]bara
Adverb
[edit]bara (not comparable)
- just, only
- Synonyms: blott, enbart, endast, enkom, uteslutande
- Jag ska bara läsa den här sidan också.
- I'll just read this page too.
- Vi har bara en bil.
- We have only one car.
Alternative forms
[edit]- ba (colloquial)
References
[edit]- bara in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- bara in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- bara in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- Lövestam, Sara (2023) “Bara är inte alltid så bara”, in Språktidningen[5] (in Swedish), number 4, Vetenskapsmedia, →ISSN, retrieved 30 August 2024
Anagrams
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /baˈɾa/ [bɐˈɾa]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ba‧ra
Noun
[edit]bará (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbaɾa/ [ˈbaː.ɾɐ]
- Rhymes: -aɾa
- Syllabification: ba‧ra
Noun
[edit]bara (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈbaɾa/ [ˈbaː.ɾɐ]
- Rhymes: -aɾa
- Syllabification: ba‧ra
Noun
[edit]bara (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ)
Anagrams
[edit]Ternate
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara
References
[edit]- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Turkish
[edit]Noun
[edit]bara
Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈbara/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈba(ː)ra/
- Rhymes: -ara
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *bargos, *barginā (“cake, bread”) (compare Breton bara, Old Cornish bara, Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf; food, plain diet”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”) (Old Norse barr (“corn, grain, barley”), Latin far (“spelt”), Serbo-Croatian бра̏шно/brȁšno).
Noun
[edit]bara m (plural bara)
- bread
- (figuratively) food, meal, sustenance
- (figuratively) means of subsistence, livelihood
Derived terms
[edit]- bara a chaws (“bread and cheese”)
- bara a dŵr (“bread and water”)
- bara brith
- bara cras, bara crasu
- bara fflat
- bara soda
Related terms
[edit]- torth (“loaf”)
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
bara | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bara”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]bara
- Soft mutation of para.
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
para | bara | mhara | phara |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bara”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*barag(en)o/ā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 56
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- cy:Breads