ajar
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /əˈd͡ʒɑː/
- (US) IPA(key): /əˈd͡ʒɑɹ/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Etymology 1
From Middle English ajar, on char (“on [the] turn”), from on (“on”) + char (“turn, occasion”), from Old English ċierr, cyrr (“turn”), from ċierran (“to turn, convert”), equivalent to a- + char. Akin to Scots char, chare (“to turn, cause to turn”), Dutch akerre, kier (“ajar”), German kehren (“to turn”). See char.
Alternative forms
Adverb
ajar (not comparable)
- Slightly turned or opened.
- The door was standing ajar.
Translations
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Adjective
ajar (comparative more ajar, superlative most ajar)
- Slightly turned or opened.
- The door is ajar.
- 1829, Edgar Allan Poe, “Tamerlane”, in Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems:
- I know—for Death, who comes for me
From regions of the blest afar,
Where there is nothing to deceive,
Hath left his iron gate ajar, […]
Translations
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Verb
ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
- (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To turn or open slightly; to become ajar or to cause to become ajar; to be or to hang ajar.
- 1970, John H. Evans, Mercer County law journal, volume 10:
- A plainclothes detective knocked on a slightly ajarred door.
- 1977, Bill Reed, Dogod:
- Yes, and the door also lops off stairs leading to a landing on whose landing is another door on whose hinges much of this story ajars, if it hasn't jarred too much already.
- 2007, Loki, Shard of the Ancient:
- Just as the gates fully ajarred themselves, the Lamborghini soared through them, and out into the freedom of the poorly defined road.
Etymology 2
a- (“in, at”) + jar (“discord, disagreement”)
Adverb
ajar (not comparable)
- (archaic) Out of harmony.
- Being at variance or in contradiction to something.
- 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, II.14:
- There is a sort of unexpressed concern, / A kind of shock that sets one's heart ajar […] .
Translations
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Verb
ajar (third-person singular simple present ajars, present participle ajarring, simple past and past participle ajarred)
- (rare, perhaps nonstandard) To show variance or contradiction with something; to be or cause to be askew.
- 1907, The English Illustrated Magazine, volume 36:
- It clean deafened the two of us, and set all the crockery ware ajarring ; and when the neighbours heard it they came running into the street to see who was getting hurt.
Translations
Anagrams
Ambonese Malay
Verb
ajar
- to learn
Iban
Etymology
From Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ajar
Verb
ajar
- to teach
Derived terms
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay ajar, from Classical Malay اجر (ajar), from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”), likely derived from आचार (ācāra, “conduct, behavior”). Doublet of acar, acara, acarya, and hajar.
Pronunciation
Verb
ajar (base-imperative ajar, active mengajar, passive diajar)
- to teach
Conjugation
Conjugation of ajar (meng-, ber-, intransitive, irregular) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root | ajar | ||||
Active | Involuntary / Perfective |
Passive | Basic / Imperative |
Jussive | |
Active | belajar, mengajar | terajar | diajar | ajar | ajarlah |
Locative | mengajari | terajari | diajari | ajari | ajarilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mengajarkan | terajarkan | diajarkan | ajarkan | ajarkanlah |
Causative | |||||
Locative | mempelajari | terpelajari | dipelajari | pelajari | pelajarilah |
Causative / Applicative1 | mempelajarkan | terpelajarkan | dipelajarkan | pelajarkan | pelajarkan |
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: This verb has irregular forms when affixed to ber- and per- which resulted on initial -l- on belajar and pelajar (also an noun), otherwise conjugated regularly like intransitive meng- verbs. Some forms of the locative does not exist. Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. |
Alternative forms
- adjar (1901–1972)
Derived terms
- ajar (“to teach (imperative)”)
- ajari (“to teach (imperative)”)
- ajarkan (“to teach (imperative)”)
- belajar (“to learn, to study”)
- belajari
- belajarkan
- diajar
- diajari
- diajarkan
- diperajar
- diperajari
- diperajarkan
- kepengajaran
- mengajar (“to teach”)
- mengajari (“to teach (someone)”)
- mengajarkan (“to teach (someone something)”)
- pelajaran (“lesson”)
- pelajar (“student, pupil”)
- pelajari
- pelajarkan
- pengajar (“teacher”)
- pengajaran (“the act of teaching”)
- pembelajar
- pembelajaran (“a learning process”)
Further reading
- “ajar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
From Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher, master”). Doublet of acar, acara, and hajar.
Verb
ajar (Jawi spelling اجر)
- to teach
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengajar (“teacher”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pengajaran (“lesson, moral of story”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- ajaran (“teachings”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- ajar-ajar (“ascetics”) [reduplication] (redup)
- pelajar (“student”) [causative passive] (peR-)
- pelajaran (“subject, education”) [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
- ajarkan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- ajari [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
- mengajar (“to teach”) [agent focus] (meN-)
- diajar (“being taught (intr.)”) [patient focus] (di-)
- diajarkan (“being taught (tr.)”) [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- terajar (“taught (accidentally)”) [agentless action] (teR-)
- belajar (“to learn”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Further reading
- “ajar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Old Javanese
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
ajar
Derived terms
Further reading
- "ajar" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From older ahajar, from Old Spanish haja, probably from Vulgar Latin *fallia (“defect”), from Latin fallĕre.
Alternative forms
Verb
ajar (first-person singular present ajo, first-person singular preterite ajé, past participle ajado)
- (transitive or reflexive) to fade, wither
- Synonym: marchitar
- El sol ajó las flores.
- The sun withered the flowers.
- Se te olvidó regar esta planta, así que se ajó.
- You forgot to water this plant, so it withered.
- (transitive or reflexive) to wear out
- Synonyms: desgastar, deteriorar
- El sol y la humedad suelen ajar las alfombras.
- The sun and humidity generally wear rugs out.
- (transitive or reflexive) to wrinkle
- Synonym: arrugar
- No es bueno guardar los pantalones así, o los vas a ajar.
- It's not good to put away your pants this way, or you're going to wrinkle them.
- Ve a planchar esta camisa, que se te ajó después de que la guardaste doblada.
- Go iron this shirt, as it got wrinkled after you put it away folded.
- (transitive) to humiliate someone
- Synonym: humillar
Conjugation
infinitive | ajar | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | ajando | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | ajado | ajada | |||||
plural | ajados | ajadas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | ajo | ajastú ajásvos |
aja | ajamos | ajáis | ajan | |
imperfect | ajaba | ajabas | ajaba | ajábamos | ajabais | ajaban | |
preterite | ajé | ajaste | ajó | ajamos | ajasteis | ajaron | |
future | ajaré | ajarás | ajará | ajaremos | ajaréis | ajarán | |
conditional | ajaría | ajarías | ajaría | ajaríamos | ajaríais | ajarían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | aje | ajestú ajésvos2 |
aje | ajemos | ajéis | ajen | |
imperfect (ra) |
ajara | ajaras | ajara | ajáramos | ajarais | ajaran | |
imperfect (se) |
ajase | ajases | ajase | ajásemos | ajaseis | ajasen | |
future1 | ajare | ajares | ajare | ajáremos | ajareis | ajaren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | ajatú ajávos |
aje | ajemos | ajad | ajen | ||
negative | no ajes | no aje | no ajemos | no ajéis | no ajen |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive ajar | |||||||
dative | ajarme | ajarte | ajarle, ajarse | ajarnos | ajaros | ajarles, ajarse | |
accusative | ajarme | ajarte | ajarlo, ajarla, ajarse | ajarnos | ajaros | ajarlos, ajarlas, ajarse | |
with gerund ajando | |||||||
dative | ajándome | ajándote | ajándole, ajándose | ajándonos | ajándoos | ajándoles, ajándose | |
accusative | ajándome | ajándote | ajándolo, ajándola, ajándose | ajándonos | ajándoos | ajándolos, ajándolas, ajándose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative aja | |||||||
dative | ájame | ájate | ájale | ájanos | not used | ájales | |
accusative | ájame | ájate | ájalo, ájala | ájanos | not used | ájalos, ájalas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative ajá | |||||||
dative | ajame | ajate | ajale | ajanos | not used | ajales | |
accusative | ajame | ajate | ajalo, ajala | ajanos | not used | ajalos, ajalas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative aje | |||||||
dative | ájeme | not used | ájele, ájese | ájenos | not used | ájeles | |
accusative | ájeme | not used | ájelo, ájela, ájese | ájenos | not used | ájelos, ájelas | |
with first-person plural imperative ajemos | |||||||
dative | not used | ajémoste | ajémosle | ajémonos | ajémoos | ajémosles | |
accusative | not used | ajémoste | ajémoslo, ajémosla | ajémonos | ajémoos | ajémoslos, ajémoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative ajad | |||||||
dative | ajadme | not used | ajadle | ajadnos | ajaos | ajadles | |
accusative | ajadme | not used | ajadlo, ajadla | ajadnos | ajaos | ajadlos, ajadlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative ajen | |||||||
dative | ájenme | not used | ájenle | ájennos | not used | ájenles, ájense | |
accusative | ájenme | not used | ájenlo, ájenla | ájennos | not used | ájenlos, ájenlas, ájense |
Etymology 2
Noun
ajar m (plural ajares)
Further reading
- “ajar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms prefixed with a-
- English lemmas
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- Ambonese Malay lemmas
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- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Iban/jar
- Iban lemmas
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- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
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- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Javanese/d͡ʒar
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese nouns
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
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