禍

See also: 祸

禍	U+798D, 禍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798D

← 禌
[U+798C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禎 →
[U+798E]

禍	U+FA52, 禍 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA52

← 祝
[U+FA51]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

禎 →
[U+FA53]

Translingual

Han character

禍 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火月月口 (IFBBR), four-corner 3722₇, composition ⿰礻咼)

Derived characters

𡁜, 𨘌, 𮒓

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24766
Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 4
Unihan data for U+798D

Unihan data for U+FA52

Chinese

trad.		禍
simp.		祸
alternative forms		旤

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禍
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
碢	*l'oːl
腡	ɡ·roːl, kʷroːl
過	kloːl, kloːls
渦	kloːl, qloːl
鍋	*kloːl
楇	kloːl, ɡloːls
瘑	*kloːl
緺	koːl, kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝	*kloːl
濄	kloːl, qloːl
鐹	kloːlʔ, kloːls
薖	*kʰloːl
簻	kʰloːl, kr'oːl
禍	*ɡloːlʔ
窩	*qloːl
萵	*qloːl
檛	*kr'oːl
膼	*kr'oːl
蝸	kroːl, kʷroːl
媧	kroːl, kʷroːl
騧	kroːl, kʷroːl
冎	*kroːlʔ
剮	*kroːlʔ
諣	qʰroːls, qʰʷroːls
歄	*kʷroːl
咼	*kʰʷroːl
喎	*kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːlʔ) : semantic 示 (“sacrifice”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁶ / wo⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
Jin (Wiktionary): hue³
Northern Min (KCR): huā
Eastern Min (BUC): huô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hǒ͘ / hō / ě / ē

(Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Yale: hwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Palladius: хо (xo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wo⁶ / wo⁵
  - Yale: woh / wóh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁶ / wo⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: wo⁶ / wo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔː²²/, /wɔː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
  - Hakka Romanization System: fo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xua⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɔ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: hǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
  - Tâi-lô: hō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě
  - Tâi-lô: ě
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /e²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē
  - Tâi-lô: ē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: e
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /e³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /e²²/

Note:

hǒ͘/hō - literary;
ě/ē - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hua⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huă
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua³⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 禍
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xuo⁵³/
	Tianjin	/xuo⁵³/
	Jinan	/xuə²¹/
	Qingdao	/xuə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xuo³¹²/
	Xi'an	/xuo⁴⁴/
	Xining	/xu²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/xuə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xuə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xuɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xuo³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xo¹³/
	Guiyang	/xo²¹³/
	Kunming	/xo²¹²/
	Nanjing	/xo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/xʊ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuɤ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xuə³⁵/
	Hohhot	/xuɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦu²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦəu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦo¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vu³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/xo²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/xo²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xo⁵⁵/ /xo¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦo²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/fo²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/fo⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fo⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɔ²²/
	Nanning	/wɔ²²/
	Hong Kong	/wɔ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ho²²/ /e²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huɔ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xua⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hua³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ho³³/ /hua³³/

Middle Chinese: hwaX

Rime
Character	禍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡果切
Baxter	hwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwa^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wo⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ hwa^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁajʔ/
English	calamity
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禍
Reading #	1/1
No.	4375
Phonetic component	冎
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	禍
Old Chinese	/*ɡloːlʔ/

Definitions

禍

disaster; misfortune; calamity
- 禍兮福之所倚，福兮禍之所伏 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  huò xī fú zhī suǒ yǐ, fú xī huò zhī suǒ fú [Pinyin]
  Misery! - happiness is to be found by its side! Happiness! - misery lurks beneath it!
- 2021 January 27, 呂爵安 (Edan Lui) (lyrics and music), “E先生連環不幸事件” (1:42 from the start):
  
  頑強性格帶來更重災禍 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  顽强性格带来更重灾祸 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  waan⁴ koeng⁴ sing³ gaak³ daai³ loi⁴ gang¹ cung⁴ zoi¹ wo⁵ [Jyutping]
  Stubborness will lead to more disasters.
to bring disaster upon

Synonyms

(disaster):

edit

亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
劫煞 (Hokkien)
劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
厄 (literary, or in compounds)
大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
沙𧐔 (sua¹ sab⁴) (Teochew)
浩劫 (hàojié)
災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
災害／灾害 (zāihài)
災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
禍息／祸息 (ho⁵ si⁶) (Xiang)
禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

(to bring disaster upon):

edit

傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
危及 (wēijí)
危害 (wēihài)
妨害 (fánghài)
戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
戕賊／戕贼 (literary)
損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “disaster”): (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai	禍
Kyūjitai ^[1]	禍 `禍` or 禍+`︀`^?
	禍󠄀 禍+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	禍󠄃 禍+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

禍

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 禍)

disaster; calamity; misfortune

Readings

Go-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}、わ (wa)
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: わざわい (wazawai, 禍い)^{←わざはひ (wazafafi, 禍ひ, historical)}、まが (maga, 禍)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
禍
わざわい Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
禍 (kyūjitai)

For pronunciation and definitions of 禍 – see the following entry.

【災わざわい】

[noun] calamity; catastrophe

Alternative spelling
殃

(This term, 禍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
禍
まが Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
禍 (kyūjitai)

For pronunciation and definitions of 禍 – see the following entry.

【まが】	[adjective] [from 712] (archaic) bad; disastrous

(This term, 禍, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ “禍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

禍 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

disaster, calamity

Vietnamese

Han character

禍: Hán Nôm readings: họa/hoạ, vạ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “禍”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[1]