grg

See also: GRG

Translingual

Symbol

grg

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Madi.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): (noun) /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼVw/ → /ˈkʼalkʼə/ → /ˈkʼalkʼ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛrɛɡ/
- Conventional anglicization: gereg

Verb

3-lit.

(transitive) to set in order or prepare (the earth by working it)
(transitive) to set up, to found, to construct
- 17th Dynasty, The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I:^[1]
  
  ḫr m ḫt grg.n.j pr […]
  Then later, I set up the household […]
(transitive) to furnish, to equip

Inflection

Conjugation of grg (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: grg, geminated stem: grgg

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
grg	grgw, grg	grgt	grg	grg

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
grg	ḥr grg	m grg	r grg

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	grg.n	grgw, grg	consecutive	grg.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	grg.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	grgt
perfective³	grg	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	grg.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	grg	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	grg.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	grg	grgg	potentialis¹	grg.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	grg	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	grg	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	grg.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	grg	active + .tj¹, .tw²	grg	grg, grgw⁵, grgy⁵
imperfective	grg, grgy, grgw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	grg, grgj⁶, grgy⁶	grg, grgw⁵
prospective	grg, grgtj⁷	—	grgtj⁴, grgt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg

grg

Derived terms

Noun

m

lie, falsehood [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
Synonym: jzft

Antonym: mꜣꜥt
- c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) column 6, line 24:^[2]
  
  nj rḫ.n.tw mꜣꜥt r grg
  One cannot distinguish truth from falsehood.
unjust, unfair, or wrong way of thinking
injustice

Inflection

Declension of *grg* (masculine)
singular	grg
dual	grgwj
plural	grgw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of grg

grg

gng

grg

grk

grg

[Middle Kingdom]

[New Kingdom]

[Greco-Roman Period]

rare

Descendants

Demotic Egyptian: glk
- Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (čal)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (čal)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (čal)
- Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲗ (čol)

References

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 215.

^ Middle Egyptian Grammar: The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I , Dr. Gabor Toth, Rutgers University.
^ Nederhof, Mark-Jan, Papyrus Westcar, page 25

[1] Middle Egyptian Grammar: The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I , Dr. Gabor Toth, Rutgers University.

[2] Nederhof, Mark-Jan, Papyrus Westcar, page 25

[1]

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