brennen
German
Etymology
From Middle High German brennen, a merger of Old High German brennan (from Proto-West Germanic *brannijan), and Old High German brinnan (from *brinnan).
Cognate with Bavarian brenna, Dutch branden, Swedish brinna, Icelandic brenna, Old English birnan, and therefore English burn.
Pronunciation
Verb
brennen (irregular weak, third-person singular present brennt, past tense brannte, past participle gebrannt, past subjunctive brennte, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to burn; to light on fire
- Ich beobachtete, wie das Haus brannte. ― I watched the house burn.
- Es brennt! ― There is a fire!
- (intransitive) to burn; to be on fire
- Mein Haus brennt! ― My house is on fire!
- Trockenes Holz brennt am besten. ― Dry wood burns best.
- (intransitive) to have a strong affection for; to be affectionate
- Ich brenne darauf sie zu besuchen! ― I would really like to visit her.
- (intransitive) to be lit, to be on (of a light or lamp)
- Das Licht in der Küche brannte noch immer. ― The light in the kitchen was still on.
- (intransitive) to irritate; to induce pain or another painful sensation; to bite; to sting
- Die Zwiebeln brennen in meinen Augen! ― The onions sting in my eyes!
- Dieser Senf brennt wie Teufel auf meiner Zunge! ― This mustard bites my tongue like hell!
- (intransitive) to smart; to sting (a sore or wound)
- (transitive) to fire; to bake; to kiln (tiles and pottery)
- Dachziegel werden im Brennofen gebrannt. ― Tiles are baked in a kiln.
- Nach drei Tagen kann die Vase gebrannt werden. ― The vase can be fired after three days.
- Keramikwaren müssen gebrannt werden, bevor sie genutzt werden können. ― Pottery needs to be fired before one can use it.
- (transitive) to distil (alcoholic beverages such as schnapps)
- Synonym: destillieren
- (transitive, computing) to burn; to archive data on a storage medium. (such as CDs, DVDs, etc.)
- Kannst du mir 'Das weiße Album' von den Beatles brennen? ― Can you burn 'The White Album' from The Beatles for me?
- (intransitive, figuratively) to emit heat
- Die Sonne brannte auf sie herab. ― The sun was shining upon them with great heat.
- to roast
- to bream (clean a ship etc. by fire and scraping)
- (Austria, informal) to fork out, to shell out
Conjugation
infinitive | brennen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | brennend | ||||
past participle | gebrannt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich brenne | wir brennen | i | ich brenne | wir brennen |
du brennst | ihr brennt | du brennest | ihr brennet | ||
er brennt | sie brennen | er brenne | sie brennen | ||
preterite | ich brannte | wir brannten | ii | ich brennte1 | wir brennten1 |
du branntest | ihr branntet | du brenntest1 | ihr brenntet1 | ||
er brannte | sie brannten | er brennte1 | sie brennten1 | ||
imperative | brenn (du) brenne (du) |
brennt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
Related terms
- Brennen
- brennend, gebrannt
- Brand m, Branntwein m
- Brennpunkt m
- abbrennen, anbrennen, durchbrennen, einbrennen, niederbrennen, wegbrennen
- brinnen
Further reading
- “brennen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “brennen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “brennen” in Duden online
- “brennen” in OpenThesaurus.de
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “brennen”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German brinnen, from Old High German brinnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan.
Pronunciation
Verb
brennen (third-person singular present brennt, past participle gebrannt, auxiliary verb hunn)
- (transitive) to burn, to set alight
- (intransitive) to burn, to be on fire
- (intransitive) to smart, to sting
- (transitive) to distil (spirits)
- (transitive) to brand (an animal)
- (transitive, computing) to burn (a disk)
Conjugation
Regular | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | brennen | |
participle | gebrannt | |
auxiliary | hunn | |
present indicative |
imperative | |
1st singular | brennen | — |
2nd singular | brenns | brenn |
3rd singular | brennt | — |
1st plural | brennen | — |
2nd plural | brennt | brennt |
3rd plural | brennen | — |
(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel. |
Derived terms
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *brannijan.
Verb
brennen
- to burn
Inflection
infinitive | brennen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | brenno, brennon | branda |
2nd person singular | brennis, brennist | brandos |
3rd person singular | brennit | branda |
1st person plural | brennen | brandun |
2nd person plural | brennit | brandut |
3rd person plural | brennent | brandun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | brenne | brendi |
2nd person singular | brennes, brennest | brendis |
3rd person singular | brenne | brendi |
1st person plural | brennen | brendin |
2nd person plural | brennet | brendit |
3rd person plural | brennen | brendin |
imperative | present | |
singular | brenni | |
plural | brennit | |
participle | present | past |
brennendi | brant, gibrant |
Descendants
Further reading
- “brennen”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną. Cognate with Old English bærnan, Old Saxon brinnan, Old Norse brenna.
Verb
brennen
- (transitive) to burn
Conjugation
infinitive | brennen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | brennu | branta |
2nd person singular | brennis, brennist | brantōs, brenntōst |
3rd person singular | brennit | branta |
1st person plural | brennem, brennemēs | brantum, brantumēs |
2nd person plural | brennet | brantut |
3rd person plural | brennent | brantun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | brenne | branti |
2nd person singular | brennēs, brennēst | brantīs, brantīst |
3rd person singular | brenne | branti |
1st person plural | brennēm, brennēn, brennemēs | brantīm, brantīn, brantīmēs |
2nd person plural | brennēt | brantīt |
3rd person plural | brennēn | brantīn |
imperative | present | |
singular | brenni | |
plural | brennet | |
participle | present | past |
brennenti | gibrant |
Descendants
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German irregular weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German transitive verbs
- de:Computing
- Austrian German
- German informal terms
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German
- Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Luxembourgish 2-syllable words
- Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ænən
- Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ænən/2 syllables
- Luxembourgish lemmas
- Luxembourgish verbs
- Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary
- Luxembourgish transitive verbs
- Luxembourgish intransitive verbs
- lb:Computing
- Old Dutch terms derived from Frankish
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Frankish
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch verbs
- Old Dutch irregular verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak rückumlaut verbs
- Old Dutch basic verbs
- Old Dutch class 1 weak verbs
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German verbs
- Old High German transitive verbs
- Old High German class 1 weak verbs