-toin

The -i- only appears in the consonant stem (nominative singular, partitive singular, genitive plural ending in -ten and the consonant-stem essive); i.e. it only appears before the -n-, but never before the -m-.

Ingrian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin. Akin to Finnish -ton and Estonian -tu.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-toi̯n/, [-to̞i̯n]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-toi̯n/, [-to̞i̯n]

Suffix

-toin (front vowel variant -töin)

-less; Indicates lack of something.
onni (“happiness”) → onnetoin (“miserable”)

Declension

Declension of -toin (type 15/koitoin, tt-t gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	-toin	-ttomat
genitive	-ttoman	-ttomiin
partitive	-tointa, -toint	-ttomia
illative	-ttomaa	-ttomii
inessive	-ttomaas	-ttomiis
elative	-ttomast	-ttomist
allative	-ttomalle	-ttomille
adessive	-ttomaal	-ttomiil
ablative	-ttomalt	-ttomilt
translative	-ttomaks	-ttomiks
essive	-ttomanna, -ttomaan	-ttominna, -ttomiin
exessive¹⁾	-ttomant	-ttomint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /-toi̯n/, [-to̞i̯n]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /-toi̯n/, [-to̞i̯n]

Suffix

-toin

first-person singular past indicative of -ttaa

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-t'oin. Akin to Finnish -ton.

Suffix

-toin (front vowel harmony variant -töin)

Indicates lack of something; -less.
‎oža (“happiness”) + ‎-toin → ‎ožatoin (“unhappy”)

‎talo (“home”) + ‎-toin → ‎talotoin (“homeless”)

Derived terms

Karelian terms suffixed with -toin

kojitoin

ožatoin

talotoin