抑

See also: 印

抑	U+6291, 抑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6291

← 抐
[U+6290]

CJK Unified Ideographs

抒 →
[U+6292]

Translingual

Han character

抑 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手竹女中 (QHVL), four-corner 5702₀, composition ⿰扌卬)

Derived characters

𠳑

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 421, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11883
Dae Jaweon: page 768, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1841, character 7
Unihan data for U+6291

Chinese

simp. and trad.		抑
alternative forms		印𢬃𢫽𠨔𢮮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 抑
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) : A hand suppressing a kneeling person. For contrast, see 印 (yìn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ya
Eastern Min (BUC): ék
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iak / ek / iah / ah / ia̍h / a̍h / á
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷iq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yì
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Yale: yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jik¹
  - Yale: yīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
  - Hakka Romanization System: ia
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯a⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iah
  - Tâi-lô: iah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ah
  - Tâi-lô: ah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /aʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iah
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a̍h
  - Tâi-lô: a̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ah
  - IPA (Xiamen): /aʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /aʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
  - Tâi-lô: á
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /a⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

iak/ek - literary;
iah/ah/ia̍h/á - vernacular;
a̍h - vernacular (“then”).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷iq
  - MiniDict: ih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴iq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'ik

Rime
Character	抑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於力切
Baxter	'ik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔik̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)ik/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	抑	抑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔik ›	‹ ʔik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)ik/	/*[ʔ](r)ik/
English	and, but, or	rub, repress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	抑
Reading #	1/1
No.	15013
Phonetic component	抑
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	憶
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡ/
Notes	説文從反印

Definitions

抑

to press down; to keep down
to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict
to hinder; to hamper; to obstruct
to lower (one's head); to look down
deep; low-pitched
sulky; depressed
(Eastern Min) muggy; sultry; humid
or (linking alternatives)
furthermore; moreover; also
however; but
(literary or Xiamen Hokkien) then; and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
Meaningless sentence-initial particle.
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 還是 (“or”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		抑, 或
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		抑或, 還是
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	還是
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	還是
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	還是
Cantonese	Guangzhou	定係, 定
	Hong Kong	定係, 定, 抑或, 抑或係, 定抑或, 定抑或係, 還是, 定還是, 定還是係
	Taishan	毋, 毋又, 抑或
	Singapore (Guangfu)	定, 定係
Gan	Nanchang	還是
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	還係, 也係
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	還係, 也係
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	還係, 也係
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	還係, 也係
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	還係, 也係
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	抑係
Huizhou	Jixi	還是
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	故是
Southern Min	Xiamen	抑是, 抑
	Quanzhou	抑是, 抑
	Zhangzhou	抑是, 抑
	Taipei	抑是
	Penang (Hokkien)	抑是
	Singapore (Hokkien)	抑是
	Manila (Hokkien)	抑是
	Chaozhou	抑是
	Singapore (Teochew)	抑是
Wu	Shanghai	還是
Xiang	Loudi	還是

(and): 而 (ér)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

抑

(Jōyō kanji)

suppress

Readings

Go-on: おく (oku)
Kan-on: よく (yoku, Jōyō)
Kun: おさえる (osaeru, 抑える, Jōyō)、そもそも (somosomo, 抑)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
抑
そもそも Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 抑 – see the following entry.

【そもそも】

[conjunction] in the first place, to begin with, (in a question) at all

Alternative spellings
抑々, 抑も

(This term, 抑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

抑 • (eok) (hangeul 억, revised eok, McCune–Reischauer ŏk, Yale ek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

抑: Hán Nôm readings: ức, ực

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.