怨恨

Chinese

		blame; complain	to hate; regret
trad. (怨恨)		怨	恨
simp. ^#(怨恨)		怨	恨

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuànhèn

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun³ han⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen-hen / yan-hen
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oàn-hūn / oàn-hīn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuànhèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ ㄏㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuànhèn
  - Wade–Giles: yüan⁴-hên⁴
  - Yale: ywàn-hèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuannhenn
  - Palladius: юаньхэнь (juanʹxɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ xən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun³ han⁶
  - Yale: yun hahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn³ han⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun³ hen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn³³ hɐn²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen-hen
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien hen
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan⁴ hen⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵ hen⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan-hen
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian hen
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan⁴ hen⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵ hen⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn-hūn
  - Tâi-lô: uàn-hūn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oarnhun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /uan²¹⁻⁵³ hun²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹⁻⁴¹ hun³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹⁻⁵³ hun³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oàn-hīn
  - Tâi-lô: uàn-hīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oarnhin
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan²¹⁻⁵³ hin²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²¹⁻⁴¹ hin³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /uan¹¹⁻⁵³ hin³³/

Middle Chinese: 'jwonH honH

Rime
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	於願切	胡艮切
Baxter	'jwonH	honH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn^H/	/ɦən^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn^H/	/ɦən^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan^H/	/ɦən^H/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn^H/	/ɣən^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuàn	hèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun³	han⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]o[r]-s [m-q]ˤə[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*qons ɡɯːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuàn	hèn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwon^H ›	‹ hon^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/	/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/
English	resentment	regret
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怨	恨
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	16305	3938
Phonetic component	夗	艮
Rime group	元	文
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	怨	恨
Old Chinese	/*qons/	/*ɡɯːns/

Noun

怨恨

hatred; enmity; resentment; grudge

Synonyms

edit

仇怨 (chóuyuàn)
仇恨 (chóuhèn)
冤 (yuān) (literary, or in compounds)
冤仇 (yuānchóu)
嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
敵意 / 敌意 (díyì)
梁子 (niang² zi³) (Sichuanese)

Verb

怨恨

to hate; to resent
to have a grudge against someone

Synonyms

(to hate):

edit

仇恨 (chóuhèn)
作嘔 / 作呕 (zuò'ǒu) (figurative)
厭恨 / 厌恨 (yànhèn)
厭惡 / 厌恶 (yànwù)
唾棄 / 唾弃 (tuòqì)
嫌惡 / 嫌恶 (xiánwù)
嫌憎 (xiánzēng)
恨怒 (hènnù) (literary)
恚恨 (huìhèn) (literary)
惡嫌 / 恶嫌 (wùxián) (literary)
悵恨 / 怅恨 (chànghèn) (literary, to be disappointed and resentful)
慍恚 / 愠恚 (yùnhuì) (literary)
憤恨 / 愤恨 (fènhèn)
憎恨 (zēnghèn)
憎惡 / 憎恶
憤慨 / 愤慨 (fènkǎi)
憤毒 / 愤毒 (fèndú) (literary)
煩惡 / 烦恶 (fánwù)
痛恨 (tònghèn)
討厭 / 讨厌 (tǎoyàn)
鄙棄 / 鄙弃 (bǐqì)

Dialectal synonyms of 恨 (“to hate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		怨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡, 怨恨
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	恨
	Taiwan	恨
	Malaysia	恨
	Singapore	恨
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	恨
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	恨
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	恨
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	恨
	Wuhan	恨, 懥怨
	Liuzhou	恨
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	恨
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	恨
Cantonese	Guangzhou	憎, 嬲
	Hong Kong	憎
	Dongguan	憎
	Yangjiang	嬲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	憎
	Singapore (Guangfu)	憎
Gan	Nanchang	恨
Hakka	Meixian	恨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	恨
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	恨
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	恨
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	恨
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	恨
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	恨
Jin	Taiyuan	恨
Jin	Xinzhou	恨
Northern Min	Jian'ou	恨
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	恨
Southern Min	Xiamen	恨, 猌
	Zhangzhou	猌
	Tainan	恨, 猌
	Penang (Hokkien)	猌, 惱
	Singapore (Hokkien)	猌
	Chaozhou	恨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	恨
Wu	Suzhou	恨
Wu	Wenzhou	恨
Xiang	Changsha	恨
Xiang	Shuangfeng	馮, 恨

(to have a grudge): (Hokkien) 怨慼／怨戚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (怨恨):

→ Japanese: 怨恨(えんこん) (enkon)
→ Korean: 원한(怨恨) (wonhan)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
怨	恨
えん Grade: S	こん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えんこん [èńkóń] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ŋkõ̞ɴ]

Noun

怨(えん)恨(こん) • (enkon) ^{←ゑんこん (wenkon)^?}

enmity, grudge

Korean

Hanja in this term
怨	恨

Noun

怨恨 • (wonhan) (hangeul 원한)

hanja form^? of 원한 (“grudge; rancour”)

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Verb

Synonyms

Descendants

See also

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Korean

Noun