岸

See also: 㟁, 𡶜, and 崖

岸	U+5CB8, 岸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CB8

← 岷
[U+5CB7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岹 →
[U+5CB9]

Translingual

Han character

岸 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山一一十 (UMMJ), four-corner 2224₁, composition ⿸屵干 or ⿱山厈)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 310, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8009
Dae Jaweon: page 610, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 4
Unihan data for U+5CB8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		岸
alternative forms		㟁屽厈垾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 岸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訐	krads, krads, ked, kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	kaːn, ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	kaːn, ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	kaːn, ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	kaːnʔ, kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	kaːns, ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	kʰaːn, kʰaːns, kreːn, kan
衎	kʰaːnʔ, kʰaːns
犴	ŋaːn, ŋaːns
豻	ŋaːn, ŋaːns, ɦŋaːns, ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	ŋaːns, hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	qʰaːn, ɢaːns
罕	qʰaːnʔ, qʰaːns
焊	qʰaːnʔ, ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	ɡaːns, kʰraːn
捍	ɡaːns, ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	ɡan, ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡaːns) : semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) – the edge of the land. Its proto-form was 屵.

Etymology

Possibly derived from a stem *ŋaʔ (“to oppose; to resist”) + general noun suffix *-n; related to 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns, “cliff”), 滸 (OC *hŋaːʔ, “riverbank”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): àn (an⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ngan⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngon⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngon⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ngon⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngan

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngan⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ghan³
Northern Min (KCR): ngāing
Eastern Min (BUC): ngiâng / ngâng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hōaⁿ / gān

(Teochew, Peng'im): huan⁷ / ngai⁶

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hua¹ / ngang⁷
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngoe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ngan⁴ / ngan⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: àn
  - Wade–Giles: an⁴
  - Yale: àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ngan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ngan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngon⁶
  - Yale: ngohn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngon⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngon⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔn³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ngon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɵn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngan
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ghan³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣæ̃⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiâng / ngâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɑŋ²⁴²/, /ŋɑŋ²⁴²/

Note:

ngiâng - vernacular;
ngâng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoa
  - IPA (Hui'an): /huã²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /huã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Nan'an, Klang): /huã³¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai): /huã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
  - Tâi-lô: gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan
  - IPA (Nan'an): /ɡan³¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡan³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai): /ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /ɡan²¹/

Note:

hōaⁿ - vernacular;
gān - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: huan⁷ / ngai⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huāⁿ / ngăi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hũã¹¹/, /ŋai³⁵/

Note:

huan7 - vernacular;
ngai6 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: hua¹ / ngang⁷
- Sinological IPA: /hua³⁵/, /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

hua1 - vernacular;
ngang7 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngoe
  - MiniDict: ngoe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋø²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ngan⁴ / ngan⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan⁴⁵/, /ŋan²¹/

Middle Chinese: nganH

Rime
Character	岸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五旰切
Baxter	nganH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋan^H/
Li Rong	/ŋɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ŋɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	àn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngon⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤa[r]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	岸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	àn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁa[r]-s/
English	bank of a river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岸
Reading #	1/1
No.	3604
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	岸
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡaːns/

Definitions

岸

bank; shore; coast
海岸 ― hǎi'àn ― coast

靠岸 ― kào'àn ― to approach the shore
high; lofty
偉岸／伟岸 ― wěi'àn ― tall and sturdy
stately; haughty
border

Compounds

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: ngạn

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #3830”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

岸

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

beach

Readings

Go-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
Kun: きし (kishi, 岸, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
岸
きし Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きし [kìshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kʲi̥ɕi]

Noun

岸(きし) • (kishi)

bank, coast, shore

Proper noun

岸(きし) • (Kishi)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
岸
がん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Affix

岸(がん) • (gan)

bank; coast; shore

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 岸 (MC nganH).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅡᆫ〮 (Yale: ngan) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 안 (an) (Yale: an) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

岸

Wikisource

岸 (eumhun 언덕 안 (eondeok an))

hanja form^? of 안 (“bank”)

Compounds

연안 (沿岸, yeonan)
해안 (海岸, haean)
안벽 (岸壁, anbyeok)
사안 (沙岸/砂岸, saan)
안반 (岸畔, anban)
해안선 (海岸線, haeanseon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

岸: Hán Nôm readings: ngàn, ngan, ngạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[ZAJ-3] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]