務

See also: 务

務	U+52D9, 務 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D9

← 勘
[U+52D8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

勚 →
[U+52DA]

Translingual

Han character

務 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹竹水尸 (NHHES) or 弓竹人大尸 (NHOKS), four-corner 1822₇, composition ⿰矛务)

Derived characters

𥊦奦㜈熃䥐䳱蓩霧

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2394
Dae Jaweon: page 334, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2765, character 9
Unihan data for U+52D9

Chinese

trad.		務
simp.		务
alternative forms		敄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
堥	muː, mu
蓩	muːʔ, moːɡ
猱	ml'uː, mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅	*mruː
罞	mruː, muːŋ
蝥	mruː, mu, mo, moɡs
鶜	*mruː
瞀	moːɡs, mroːɡ
愗	*moːɡs
袤	*mus
雺	mus, mu, muːŋ, muːŋs
懋	*mus
楙	*mus
矛	*mu
蟊	*mu
髳	mu, muːŋ
鍪	*mu
鞪	mu, moːɡ
糅	*ml'us
腬	ml'us, mlju
柔	*mlju
揉	*mju
蹂	mju, mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒	*mju
騥	*mju
蝚	*mju
葇	mju, mjuʔ
鞣	mju, mjus
鰇	*mju
瑈	*mju
鶔	*mju
楺	*mjuʔ
煣	mjuʔ, mjus
輮	mjuʔ, mjus
韖	*mjuʔ
敄	moʔ, mos
務	*moɡs
鶩	moɡs, moːɡ
騖	*moɡs
婺	*moɡs
霚	moɡs, moːŋ
嵍	*moɡs
霧	moɡs, moːŋ
霿	moːŋ, moːŋs
楘	*moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs) : phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“to work; to move”) (STEDT). Cognate with 懋 (OC *mus, “to strive”), Garo mo (“to move”), Jingpho mu ⪤ ə mu (“work; labor”), Burmese မူ (mu, “to pursue some course of action; to act”), အမှု (a.hmu., “lawsuit”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wù (wu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mou⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): mu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vu

(Meixian, Guangdong): vu⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): ô
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bū

(Teochew, Peng'im): bhu⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶vu; ⁶wu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wù
  - Wade–Giles: wu⁴
  - Yale: wù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
  - Palladius: у (u)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mou⁶
  - Yale: mouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: mu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbu³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vu
  - Hakka Romanization System: vu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /vu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋu⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bū
  - Tâi-lô: bū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bhu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /bu³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vu; ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: vu^去; wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu; ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/, /ɦu²³/

Middle Chinese: mjuH

Rime
Character	務
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡遇切
Baxter	mjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/mio^H/
Shao Rongfen	/mio^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆^H/
Li Rong	/mio^H/
Wang Li	/mĭu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)o-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*moɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	務
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wù
Middle Chinese	‹ mju^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)o-s/
English	exert oneself
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	務
Reading #	1/1
No.	8849
Phonetic component	矛
Rime group	竇
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	務
Old Chinese	/*moɡs/

Definitions

務

to be engaged in; to be devoted to
服務／服务 ― fúwù ― service
to seek; to pursue
business; affairs
must; should; be sure to
26th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "endeavor" (𝌟)
a surname

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (務):

→ Japanese: 務(む) (mu)
→ Korean: 무(務) (mu)
→ Vietnamese: vụ (務)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Eastern Min (BUC): ô

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou²⁴²/

Definitions

務

(Eastern Min) Alternative form of 有 (“to have”)

References

“務”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

務

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

task, duties

Readings

Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
Kun: つとめる (tsutomeru, 務める, Jōyō)、つとまる (tsutomaru, 務まる, Jōyō)、まつりごと (matsurigoto, 務)
Nanori: つかさ (tsukasa, 務)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

務 (eumhun 힘쓸 무 (himsseul mu))

hanja form^? of 무 (“to be engaged in; to be devoted to”)

Compounds

의무 (義務, uimu, “duty; obligation”)
임무 (任務, immu, “duty”)
복무 (服務, bongmu, “service”)
공무원 (公務員, gongmuwon, “civil servant; public servant”)

Vietnamese

Han character

務: Hán Việt readings: vụ^[1]
務: Nôm readings: mùa^[2], múa^[3]

chữ Hán form of vụ (“case, affair”).
Nôm form of vụ, mùa (“season”).

References

Nom Foundation

[Trần_(1999)-1] Trần (1999).

[gdhn-2] Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[3]