آپ

From Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-. Compare Persian آب (âb), Northern Kurdish av, Bakhtiari او (aw), Pashto اوبه (Obë /Obo), Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Sanskrit अप् (áp).

• (Western) IPA^(key): /aːp/
• (Eastern) IPA^(key): /aːf/

آپ • (áp)

1. water

• Carina Jahani, Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language (1989), page 103: This would mean that, for instance, the Western forms gok 'cow', ap 'water', rod 'day' and waja 'master' would be written, but that the Easterners could read them out as gox, af, ros and waza.

آپ • (āp) (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਪ)

1. self, oneself; reflexive pronoun

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”).

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑːp/

آپ • (āp) (Hindi spelling आप)

1. (formal, polite) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English formal ye.
2. (rare, honorific) third-person subjective or objective personal pronoun: he, she, they, him, her, them

   آپ ﷺ نے فرمایا "جس شخص نے نکاح کرلیا اس نے اپنا آدھا دین مکمل کرلیا"۔

   āp SAW ne farmāyā "jis śaxs ne nikāh karliyā us-ne apnā ādhā dīn mukammal karliyā".

   He SAW said, "The person who gets married has completed half of his religion".

3. reflexive pronoun: oneself, one's own

   Synonym: خود (xud)

   مشین آپ ہی چل پڑی ― maśīn āp-hī cal paṛī ― the machine started on its own

• آپ is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, آپ is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
• Because آپ is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term آپ لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of T-V distinction.

• اپنے آپ (apne-āp)

• تو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
• تم (tum) - semiformal, familiar, grammatically plural