беся
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See also: беса
Bulgarian
Etymology
Back-formed from Bulgarian обе́ся (obésja, “to hang up”) (derived as об- (ob-) + веся (vesja)), which has been interpreted as о- (o-) + беся (besja).
Pronunciation
Verb
бе́ся • (bésja) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to hang (to execute someone by suspension from the neck)
- Synonym: обесвам (obesvam)
- Бесенето е начин за изпълнение на смъртно наказание в много държави.
- Beseneto e način za izpǎlnenie na smǎrtno nakazanie v mnogo dǎržavi.
- Hanging has been a method of capital punishment in many countries.
Conjugation
Conjugation of бе́ся (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | бе́сещ bésešt |
бе́сил, беси́л1 bésil, besíl1 |
бе́сел bésel |
бе́сен bésen |
бе́сейки bésejki | |
| definite subject form | бе́сещият béseštijat |
бе́силият, беси́лият1 bésilijat, besílijat1 |
— | бе́сеният bésenijat | |||
| definite object form | бе́сещия béseštija |
бе́силия, беси́лия1 bésilija, besílija1 |
— | бе́сения bésenija | |||
| feminine | indefinite | бе́сеща bésešta |
бе́сила, беси́ла1 bésila, besíla1 |
бе́села bésela |
бе́сена bésena | ||
| definite | бе́сещата béseštata |
бе́силата, беси́лата1 bésilata, besílata1 |
— | бе́сената bésenata | |||
| neuter | indefinite | бе́сещо bésešto |
бе́сило, беси́ло1 bésilo, besílo1 |
бе́село béselo |
бе́сено béseno |
бе́сене bésene | |
| definite | бе́сещото béseštoto |
бе́силото, беси́лото1 bésiloto, besíloto1 |
— | бе́сеното bésenoto |
бе́сенето béseneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | бе́сещи bésešti |
бе́сили, беси́ли1 bésili, besíli1 |
бе́сели béseli |
бе́сени béseni |
бе́сения, бе́сенета bésenija, béseneta | |
| definite | бе́сещите béseštite |
бе́силите, беси́лите1 bésilite, besílite1 |
— | бе́сените bésenite |
бе́сенията, бе́сенетата bésenijata, bésenetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | бе́ся bésja |
бе́сиш bésiš |
бе́си bési |
бе́сим bésim |
бе́сите bésite |
бе́сят bésjat | |
| imperfect | бе́сех béseh |
бе́сеше béseše |
бе́сеше béseše |
бе́сехме bésehme |
бе́сехте bésehte |
бе́сеха béseha | |
| aorist | бе́сих, беси́х1 bésih, besíh1 |
бе́си, беси́1 bési, besí1 |
бе́си, беси́1 bési, besí1 |
бе́сихме, беси́хме1 bésihme, besíhme1 |
бе́сихте, беси́хте1 bésihte, besíhte1 |
бе́сиха, беси́ха1 bésiha, besíha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and бе́сел m, бе́села f, бе́село n, or бе́сели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and бе́сел m, бе́села f, бе́село n, or бе́сели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and бе́сел m, бе́села f, бе́село n, or бе́сели pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and бе́сил/беси́л1 m, бе́сила/беси́ла1 f, бе́сило/беси́ло1 n, or бе́сили/беси́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| беси́ besí |
бесе́те beséte |
||||||
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
Related terms
- веся impf (vesja), весвам pf (vesvam, “to hang, to dangle”) (dated)
- вися (visja, “to hang”)
- висулка (visulka, “pendant”)
References
- “беся”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “беся”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “беся”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 44
Russian
Pronunciation
Participle
беся́ • (besjá)
- present imperfective adverbial participle of беси́ть (besítʹ): while maddening
Categories:
- Bulgarian terms prefixed with об-
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian conjugation 2.1 verbs
- Russian 2-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian non-lemma forms
- Russian present adverbial participles