Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]30 | ||
← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: trí Ordinal: tríú Personal: triúr |
From Old Irish trí, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.
Numeral
[edit]trí
Usage notes
[edit]- May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggers lenition of nouns in the singular and h-prothesis of nouns in the plural:
- trí chat ― three cats
- trí troithe ― three feet
- trí héin ― three birds
- When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:
- trí chapall bhána ― three white horses
- na trí eaglais mhóra ― the three big churches
- But:
- trí capaill bhána ― three white horses
- na trí heaglaisí móra ― the three big churches
- When referring to human beings, the personal form triúr is used.
Alternative forms
[edit]- trí- (combining)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Irish tri, tre, from Old Irish tri, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trei (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).
Preposition
[edit]trí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular tríd)
Inflection
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | eclipsis |
---|---|---|
trí | thrí | dtrí |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 86, page 47
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 262, page 93
Further reading
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “trí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir, English three.
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]trí m (feminine trjå, neuter trjú)
- (dialectal, Setesdal) three
- ‘Er æ trí gúta, trjå jentu, å trjú bórd.
- There are three lads, three girls, and three tables.
See also
[edit]- tri (Nynorsk)
References
[edit]- “trí” at Vallemål.no
Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Numeral
[edit]< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : trí Ordinal : tris Male personal : tríar | ||
trí (feminine teoir)
Usage notes
[edit]When attributively (before a noun) it is generally written tri and was probably also pronounced short:
- tri anman (/tʲrʲi h-/) ― three names
When used substantively it was always written and pronounced long trí:
- i n-aeclis no thríi (/tʲrʲiː/) ― in a church or in three
Inflection
[edit]Irregular numeral | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | tríH | teoir, téoraH | tríL | |
Vocative | ||||
Accusative | téoraH | |||
Genitive | tríN | téoraN | tríN | |
Dative | trib | téoraib | trib | |
Notes | Initial mutations of a following noun:
|
In archaic texts the form tre also occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.
Derived terms
[edit]- tréde (“three things”)
- tretheng (“trio”)
- tree (“third”)
- trían (“third part”)
- tríar (“trio”)
- trícho (“thirty”)
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Preposition
[edit]trí
- Alternative spelling of tri
Mutation
[edit]radical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
trí | thrí | trí pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1959–96) “trí”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume T U, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page T-139f.
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “trí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Vietnamese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 智.
Noun
[edit]trí
Adjective
[edit]trí
Derived terms
[edit]- cơ trí (機智, “quick-witted”)
- đãng trí (盪智, “forgetful”)
- đấu trí (鬥智, “to match wits”)
- giải trí (解智, “to relax”)
- lí trí, lý trí (理智, “rationality”)
- loạn trí (亂智, “deranged”)
- mất trí (𠅒智, “to go crazy; dementia”)
- mưu trí (謀智, “resourcefulness”)
- nhanh trí (𨘱智, “quick-witted”)
- quẫn trí (窘智, “distraught”)
- sở hữu trí tuệ (所有智慧, “of intellectual property”)
- tài trí (才智, “talent and intellect”)
- tâm trí (心智, “mind”)
- thần trí (神智, “mind”)
- tĩnh trí (靜智, “to compose oneself”)
- trí dục (智育, “intellectual education”)
- trí giả (智者, “an intellectual”)
- trí khôn (“intelligence”)
- trí lự (智慮, “contemplation”)
- trí lực (智力, “mindpower”)
- trí não (智腦, “intellect”)
- trí năng (智能, “intelligence”)
- trí nhớ (智𫺈, “memory”)
- trí óc (智𩠭, “brains”)
- trí sĩ (智士, “an intellectual”)
- trí thức (智識, “intelligentsia”)
- trí trá (智詐, “cunning”)
- trí tuệ (智慧, “wisdom”)
- trí tuệ nhân tạo (智慧人造, “artificial intelligence”)
- trí tưởng (智想, “imagination”)
- trí tưởng tượng (智想像, “imagination”)
- trí xảo (智巧, “ingenuity; cunning”)
- yên trí (安智, “to rest assured”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.
Romanization
[edit]trí
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 智
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 置
- Sino-Vietnamese reading of 致
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish lemmas
- Irish numerals
- Irish cardinal numbers
- Irish terms with usage examples
- Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₂-
- Irish terms inherited from Middle Irish
- Irish terms derived from Middle Irish
- Irish prepositions
- Irish prepositions governing the dative
- ga:Three
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk numerals
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms spelled with Í
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms spelled with ◌́
- Norwegian Nynorsk dialectal terms
- Setesdalsk Norwegian
- Norwegian Nynorsk cardinal numbers
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish numerals
- Old Irish cardinal numbers
- Old Irish terms with usage examples
- Old Irish prepositions
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese adjectives
- Vietnamese non-lemma forms
- Vietnamese romanizations
- Sino-Vietnamese readings