Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *noinolos, from *ne oinolos (literally “not (a) little one”), from a diminutive of Proto-Italic *oinos (“one”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. By surface analysis, ne (“not”) + ūllus (“any”), literally “not any”.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈnuːl.lʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈnul.lus]
Pronoun
[edit]nūllus (feminine nūlla, neuter nūllum); first/second-declension pronoun (pronominal declension or non-pronominal declension)
- no one, none, not any, nothing
- Nūllum amat.
- He loves no one.
- 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 41:
- Nūllumst iam dictum quod nōn sīt dictum prius.
- Nothing is said now that has not been said before.
(An elision of nullum est, meaning “there is nothing” or “nothing is.”)
- Nothing is said now that has not been said before.
- Nūllumst iam dictum quod nōn sīt dictum prius.
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.30:
- Quamquam nōn nūllī sunt in hōc ōrdine, quī aut ea, quae imminent, nōn videant aut ea, quae vident, dissimulent; […] .
- And yet, it is not that there are none in this very body (the Senate) who either do not see [the dangers] that are imminent, or who conceal [what] they do see; […] .
(Exemplifies litotes, and conveys the opposite understanding: “there are some.”)
- And yet, it is not that there are none in this very body (the Senate) who either do not see [the dangers] that are imminent, or who conceal [what] they do see; […] .
- Quamquam nōn nūllī sunt in hōc ōrdine, quī aut ea, quae imminent, nōn videant aut ea, quae vident, dissimulent; […] .
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension pronoun (pronominal declension or non-pronominal declension).
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | nūllus | nūlla | nūllum | nūllī | nūllae | nūlla | |
| genitive | nūllī̆us nūllī |
nūllī̆us nūllae |
nūllī̆us nūllī |
nūllōrum | nūllārum | nūllōrum | |
| dative | nūllī nūllō |
nūllī nūllae |
nūllī nūllō |
nūllīs | |||
| accusative | nūllum | nūllam | nūllum | nūllōs | nūllās | nūlla | |
| ablative | nūllō | nūllā | nūllō | nūllīs | |||
| vocative | nūlle | nūlla | nūllum | nūllī | nūllae | nūlla | |
Determiner
[edit]nūllus (feminine nūlla, neuter nūllum); first/second-declension determiner (pronominal declension or non-pronominal declension)
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension determiner (pronominal declension or non-pronominal declension).
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | nūllus | nūlla | nūllum | nūllī | nūllae | nūlla | |
| genitive | nūllī̆us nūllī |
nūllī̆us nūllae |
nūllī̆us nūllī |
nūllōrum | nūllārum | nūllōrum | |
| dative | nūllī nūllō |
nūllī nūllae |
nūllī nūllō |
nūllīs | |||
| accusative | nūllum | nūllam | nūllum | nūllōs | nūllās | nūlla | |
| ablative | nūllō | nūllā | nūllō | nūllīs | |||
| vocative | nūlle | nūlla | nūllum | nūllī | nūllae | nūlla | |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Romance
Some Romance descendants may be borrowings.
- Other languages
- → Belarusian: нуль (nulʹ)
- → Cimbrian: null
- → Czech: nula
- → Danish: nul
- → Eastern Mari: ноль (noĺ)
- → Estonian: null
- → Faroese: null
- → German: Null
- → Hungarian: nulla
- → Hunsrik: null
- → Finnish: nolla
- → Indonesian: nol
- → Karelian: nol’a
- → Kazakh: нөл (nöl)
- → Kyrgyz: нөль (nöl)
- → Latvian: nulle
- → Lithuanian: nulis
- → Luxembourgish: Null
- → Macedonian: нула (nula)
- → Northern Sami: nolˈla
- → Norwegian Bokmål: null
- → Pennsylvania German: null
- → Russian: нуль (nulʹ)
- → Serbo-Croatian: nula / нула
- → Silesian: nul
- → Slovak: nula
- → Swedish: noll
- → Tatar: nol
- → Turkmen: nol
- → Ukrainian: нуль (nulʹ)
- → Uzbek: nol
- → Veps: nolʹ
- → Voro: nulĺ
- → Votic: noľ
- → West Frisian: nul
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ūnus (> Derivatives > nūllus)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 642
Further reading
[edit]- “nullus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “nullus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "nullus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “nullus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
- to be of great (no) importance: magni (nullius) momenti esse
- no opportunity of carrying out an object presents itself: nulla est facultas alicuius rei
- to avoid no risk in order to..: nullum periculum recusare pro
- I had not deserved it: nullo meo merito
- not to leave off work for an instant: nullum tempus a labore intermittere
- without any trouble: nullo negotio
- without reflection; inconsiderately; rashly: nullo consilio, nulla ratione, temere
- to make all possible haste to..: nullam moram interponere, quin (Phil. 10. 1. 1)
- without delay: sine mora or nulla mora interposita
- nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)
- to know nothing of logic: disserendi artem nullam habere
- to arrange on strictly logical principles: ratione, eleganter (opp. nulla ratione, ineleganter, confuse) disponere aliquid
- to say nothing either for or against an argument: in nullam partem disputare
- no sound passed his lips: nulla vox est ab eo audita
- to not say a word: nullum (omnino) verbum facere
- no word escaped him: nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei)
- not to understand a single word: verbum prorsus nullum intellegere
- to possess not the least spark of feeling: nullam partem sensus habere
- to fulfil one's duty in every detail: nullam officii partem deserere
- to act reasonably, judiciously: prudenter, considerate, consilio agere (opp. temere, nullo consilio, nulla ratione)
- to be conscious of no ill deed: nullius culpae sibi conscium esse
- with no moderation: sine modo; nullo modo adhibito
- to have no principles: omnia temere agere, nullo iudicio uti
- absence of scruples, unconscientiousness: nulla religio
- to have no constitution, be in anarchy: nullam habere rem publicam
- to be neutral: nullius or neutrius (of two) partis esse
- lawlessness; anarchy: leges nullae
- lawlessness; anarchy: iudicia nulla
- there are whispers of the appointment of a dictator: non nullus odor est dictaturae (Att. 4. 18)
- absence of justice: ius nullum
- to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing: nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus)
- nullus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁óynos
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
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- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- Latin first and second declension pronouns
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- Latin first and second declension determiners with genitive singular in -ī̆us
- Latin first and second declension determiners
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