• IL, XLIX, xlix

il

1. (informal) A Roman numeral representing forty-nine (49).

• Previous: iil (forty-eight, 48)
• Next: l (fifty, 50)

From Proto-Mayan *il- Compare with Achi ilonik

• IPA^(key): /ʔil/

il

1. (transitive) to see, to watch, look at

Preliminary Classic Maya ‐ English, English ‐ Classic Maya Vocabulary of Hieroglyphic Readings by Erik Boot

2022. Akateko Living Dictionary. Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages. ( look "ʔil" wav recording )

il m sg (femenine a, neuter u, masculine plural us, feminine plural as)

1. (A Estierna) alternative form of el

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish یل (yıl), from Proto-Turkic *yïl (“year”).^[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (yïl).^[2]

• Audio:

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il (definite accusative ili, plural illər)

1. year

   Synonyms: sənə, (Classical Azerbaijani) sal, (Classical Azerbaijani) am

   uzun illər ― many years (literally, “long years”)

   Mən on ildir ki məktəbi bitirmişəm.

   It's been ten years since I finished school.

• ildönümü (“anniversary”)
• onillik (“decade”)

il

1. water

• A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242

il c

1. (rare) haste, speed

il

1. imperative of ile

From Proto-Mayan *il-.

il

1. to see

From Old Norse il.

il f (genitive singular iljar, plural iljar)

1. the sole of the foot

Inherited from Late Latin illī and Latin ille.

il m (postpositive -il) (ORB, broad)

1. he, it (third-person singular masculine nominative)
2. it (impersonal)

   Synonym: o

• ils

• il in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• il in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

From Middle French il, from Old French il, from Late Latin illī.

• IPA^(key): /il/ IPA^(key): (informal) /i/
• (Quebec, informal) IPA^(key): (preconsonantal) /i/, (prevocalic) /j/

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• Audio (France (Massy)):

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• Homophones: ils, île, îles, y, Ille
• Rhymes: -il

il m (third-person singular, plural ils, accusative le, dative lui, emphatic lui, possessive determiner son)

1. he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject)

   Il est parti.

   He left.

2. it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects)

   Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ?

   I'm looking for my book. Where is it?

3. (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it

   Il pleut.

   It’s raining.

• “il”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

• li

• al (Western and Southern Friulian)
• el (Northern Friulian)

From Latin illum, ultimately from ille.

il m sg (plural i)

1. the

• i, la

From French île.

• IPA^(key): /il/

il

1. island

From Old Norse il, from Proto-Germanic *iljō.

• IPA^(key): /ɪːl/
• Rhymes: -ɪːl

il f (genitive singular iljar, nominative plural iljar)

1. the sole of the foot

   Honum sagðist vera illt í ilinni. ― He said his sole hurt.

• frá hvirfli til ilja

• IPA^(key): /il/

il (plural ili, possessive ilua, possessive plural ilui)

1. apocopic form of ilu; he, him

il

1. personal pronoun used with impersonal verbs

   Il ha multe arbores illac.

   There are many trees there.

Optional.

From Old Irish il, from Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.

il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)

1. (literary) many

• il-

il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)

1. alternative form of oll (“great; huge, vast, immense”)

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “il”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “il”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “il”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

• er (regional)
• el (archaic or regional)
• 'l (archaic or pronunciation spelling)
• i' (Tuscan pronunciation spelling)

From earlier *ille, *elle, from Latin illum (and illud), ultimately from ille. The final vowel fell by apocope, and the /e/ (< Latin ⟨ē ĭ⟩) in monosyllable particles shifted to /i/ in Tuscan, compare in, di, ri-, mi. The form el is found in older texts and can still be heard regionally.

Patota claims this to be from the older form lo (from the same source), via an intermediate form l. The initial i would be a svarabhakti vowel added to the form l in order to make the pronunciation easier.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /il/

  • Audio:

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  • (after vowels) IPA^(key): /‿jl/, /‿l/
• (regional, Tuscany) IPA^(key): /i/^*

il m sg (plural i)

1. the

• -li, li, lì

From Old French il.

il m

1. he
2. it (impersonal, or referring to an unknown person)

• French: il

il f or m (definite singular ila or ilen, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)

1. sole of the foot

   Synonym: fotsåle

From Old Norse il f, from Proto-Germanic *iljō f, *ili n.

il f (definite singular ila, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)

1. sole of the foot, especially the middle part

   Synonym: fotsole

• ilk
• ilke

• “il” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

īl m

1. alternative form of iġil

Inherited from Late Latin illī.

il m sg (feminine ele)

1. he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)

• Middle French: il
  • French: il

Inherited from Latin illī.

• ils (late, analogical)

il m pl (feminine eles)

1. they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
   • c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:

     S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.

     If they could range you, they would have already killed you.

• Middle French: ils
  • French: ils

• hil

From Proto-Celtic *ɸelus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much”), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “much”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈil/

il (equative lir, comparative lia)

1. much, many (usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)

   cosin taidbse il ― with much ostentation

   Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini ó il-ballaib. ― Thus God has made man's body of many members.

   Is ferr precept oldaas labrad il-béelre. ― Preaching is better than speaking many languages.

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4^d15

     In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.

     The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit on it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

     De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

     Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

As a preposed adjective, usually uninflected, but the following forms are found occasionally:

• Nominative/accusative plural: ili
• Dative plural: ilib

• Irish: il
• Manx: yl

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 il”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

From Proto-Germanic *iljō, *ili (“sole”).

il f (genitive iljar, plural iljar)

1. the sole of the foot

• Icelandic: il
• Faroese: il
• Norwegian Nynorsk: il
• Norwegian Bokmål: il
• Old Swedish: il

Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “il”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

From Proto-Cushitic *ʔil- (“eye”). Cognate with Jiiddu el, Oromo ija, Sidamo ille.

íl f (definite isha)

1. eye

Declension of íl

	Singular	Plural
Absolutive	íl	indhó

Inherited from Old Swedish īl (“squall; sudden storm”), ultimate origin disputed. Cognate of Icelandic él (“hailstorm”).

il c

1. (archaic) a gust; a strong, abrupt rush of wind
2. (archaic) synonym of ilning

• vindil

Deverbal from ila (“to hurry”).

il c

1. (archaic) hurry

• il in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• il in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• il in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• il in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

From Ottoman Turkish ایل (il), from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”). Doublet of el.

• IPA^(key): /il/

il (definite accusative ili, plural iller)

1. province

   İllerin idaresi yetki genişliği esasına dayanır.

   The administration of the provinces is based on the principle of delegation of authority.

• ʼil

• IPA^(key): /ʔil/

il

1. (transitive) to see

• Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

il (transitive)

1. to see
2. to visit