chị
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "chi"
Vietnamese
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *ɟiːʔ, from Old Chinese 姊 (OC *[ts][i]jʔ) (B-S) (SV: tỉ). The voicing dissimilarity of the onset is unexplained.
Pronunciation
Noun
- an elder sister
- Synonym: chị gái
- a female cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to yours or your spouse's
- Synonym: chị họ
- a female who's (presumably) slightly older than you or the person you're talking to
- [2012, Joe Ruelle, “People pháp [Peoprammar]”, in Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way][1]:
- Ví dụ, tôi có một người bạn 30 tuổi tên Thủy. Tôi và bạn ấy có một người bạn chung tên Huyền, mới 25 tuổi. Khi nhắc bạn Thủy với bạn Huyền, tôi có thể dùng “chị”.
“Huyền ơi, em nhớ qua nhà chị Thủy lấy chìa khóa nhé!”
Ý tôi là “Thủy: chị của em”. Mặc dù Thủy là em của tôi (năm nay tôi 32 tuổi), nhưng khi nhắc Thủy trong câu trên tôi sẽ “nói hộ” Huyền. Đơn giản phải không? Khi nhắc người B trong lúc nói chuyện với người A thì mình có thể dùng đại từ xưng hô nói hộ người A.- Let's say I have a 30-year-old friend named Thuỷ. She and I share a 25-year-old friend named Huyền. When I talk about Thuỷ to Huyền, I can use chị.
"Huyền, don't forget to go get the keys at chị Thuỷ's!"
What I mean is "Thuỷ is your chị." Even though Thuỷ is actually my em (I'm 32), when I talk about her I have to use what Huyền would use. Simple right? When you talk about B to A, you can use the pronoun A would use.]
- Let's say I have a 30-year-old friend named Thuỷ. She and I share a 25-year-old friend named Huyền. When I talk about Thuỷ to Huyền, I can use chị.
Pronoun
- I/me, your big sister
- you, my big sister
- (Can we date this quote?), Xuân Quỳnh, Chị [My Sister]:
- Lớn rồi mà chị chẳng tin
Chị vẫn coi em như ngày còn bé
Em đã lớn vượt xa điều chị nghĩ
Khổ hơn nhiều cái khổ chị lo
Vui hơn nhiều cái vui chị cho
Trên đường đi bước thành bước bại- I'm all grown-up and you still don't trust me
You keep treating me like I were still your baby sister
I've grown way out of what you thought of me
I'm struggling way more than you could help me with
I'm way happier than you could ever make me
On my path in life, when I succeed as well as when I fail
- I'm all grown-up and you still don't trust me
- I/me, your female cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to yours or your spouse's
- you, my female cousin who's descended from an ancestor who is/was an older sibling to mine or my spouse's
- (familiar) I/me, a female who's (presumably) slightly older than you
- (familiar) you, a female who's (presumably) slightly older than me
- you, a young-adult woman
- (education) you, the high schoolgirl reading this textbook
- (literary) she/her, that admirable/lovable young-adult woman
Usage notes
Textbooks tend to assume grade schoolers and middle schoolers to be young enough to be called em (literally “little sibling”), but high schoolers to be old enough to be called anh (“big brother”) and chị (“big sister”). The "pronoun" choices for high schoolers in these books are strictly binary, and the female chị is always secondary and shown in parentheses.
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Khmer: ចែ (cae)
Categories:
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Old Chinese
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with quotations
- Vietnamese pronouns
- Vietnamese familiar terms
- vi:Education
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese literary terms
- Vietnamese personal pronouns
- Vietnamese third person pronouns
- vi:Female family members