See also: a·pek
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Hakka 阿伯 (â-pak, “paternal uncle, old man”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apek (plural apek-apek)
- honorific for Chinese parent or man
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]apek (comparative lebih apek, superlative paling apek)
- (nonstandard) alternative spelling of apak (“mouldy”)
Further reading
[edit]- “apek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Old Tupi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]apek (first-person singular active indicative asapek, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asapeki, noun apeka) (transitive)
- to singe (to remove the hair from skin by passing over a flame)
- c. 1585, Joseph of Anchieta, Na aldeia de Guaraparim [In the village of Guaraparim], Guarapari, page 162; republished in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, transl., compiled by Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, Teatro, 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2006, →ISBN:
- (please add the primary text of this quotation)
- [Xe posaká, xe ratã; oroapek; oroesyne […] ]
- I am valiant, I am strong; I will singe you; I will roast you […]
- to toast (to lightly cook by browning over fire)
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of apek (transitive, pluriform, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
| Causative | apekukar | |||||
| Causative-comitative | eroapek | |||||
| Reflexive | îeapek | |||||
| Deverbals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ba'e | osapekyba'e | |||||
| emi- | emiapeka / miapeka | |||||
| -pyr(a) | sapekypyra | |||||
| -sab(a) | apekaba | |||||
| -sar(a) | apekara | |||||
| Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
| Verbal forms | ||||||
| Active | ||||||
| Indicative | asapek | eresapek | osapek | orosapek | îasapek | pesapek |
| Permissive | t'asapek | t'eresapek | t'osapek | t'orosapek | t'îasapek | ta pesapek |
| Imperative | esapek | pesapek | ||||
| Negative indicative | n'asapeki | n'eresapeki | n'osapeki | n'orosapeki | n'îasapeki | na pesapeki |
| Negative permissive | t'asapek umẽ | t'eresapek umẽ | t'osapek umẽ | t'orosapek umẽ | t'îasapek umẽ | ta pesapek umẽ |
| Negative imperative | esapek umẽ | pesapek umẽ | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Affirmative | apeka | |||||
| Negative | apeke'yma | |||||
| Gerund | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe rapeka | nde rapeka | sapeka | oré rapeka | îandé rapeka | pe rapeka |
| Negative | xe rapeke'yma | nde rapeke'yma | sapeke'yma | oré rapeke'yma | îandé rapeke'yma | pe rapeke'yma |
| Circumstantial | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe rapeki | sapeki | oré rapeki | îandé rapeki | ||
| Negative | xe rapeke'ymi | sapeke'ymi | oré rapeke'ymi | îandé rapeke'ymi | ||
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Portuguese: sapecar
References
[edit]- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “apek”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 45, column 2
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]apek
Categories:
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Hakka
- Indonesian terms derived from Hakka
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian adjectives
- Indonesian nonstandard terms
- Old Tupi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/ɛk
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/ɛk/2 syllables
- Old Tupi lemmas
- Old Tupi verbs
- Old Tupi pluriform verbs
- Old Tupi transitive verbs
- Old Tupi terms with quotations from In the Village of Guaraparim
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/apɛk
- Rhymes:Polish/apɛk/2 syllables
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms