Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti, with an intervening unexplained -p-; this would make it a cognate with Latin -o. Otherwise, it is a secondary development in Sanskrit from -आ (-ā) +‎ -प्- (-p-) +‎ -अयति (-ayati).

Cognates include Latin -āre (the whole first conjugation in the present) together with its Proto-Italic ancestor *-āō, Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

-आपयति • (-āpayati)

1. forms some denominative verbs, sometimes with causative meaning

   ‎कर्मकार (karmakāra, “worker, servant”) + ‎-आपयति (-āpayati) → ‎कर्मकारापयति (karmakārāpayati, “causes to work as a servant”)

2. forms some verbs of secondary derivation from roots

   ‎वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) + ‎-आपयति (-āpayati) → ‎वर्धापयति (vardhāpayati, “increases, exalts”)

• This suffix is distinct from the causative -āpayati encountered from roots ending in -ā + -अयति (-ayati) (with intervening -p-), as in स्थापयति (sthāpayati).

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

• Prakrit: -𑀆𑀯𑁂𑀤𑀺 (-āvedi)
  • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
    • Old Gujarati: -आविवउं (-āvivaũ)
    • Gujarati: -આવવું (-āvavũ)
  • Marathi: -आवणे (-āvṇe)
  • Nepali: -आउनु (-āunu)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: -आना (-ānā)

    Urdu: آنا (ānā)

  • Old Punjabi: -ਆਵਣਾ (-āvaṇā)
    • Gurmukhi script: -ਆਉਣਾ (-āuṇā)
  • Romani: -avel
• Pali: -āpeti