From ꜣb ( “ to tarry, avoid, cease ” ) .
m
cessation (+ m This word is usually negated. It is almost exclusively used
in the negated phrases ( nn ꜣbw) , ( nj wnt ꜣbw) , ( nj ḫpr ꜣbw) , and in Late Egyptian ( bn ꜣbw) , to mean “unceasing, without end”; or
as part of ( jrj ꜣbw “ to cease ” ) and its infinitive ( jrt ꜣbw “ cessation ” ) , themselves often negated with nn bn tm
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb ꜣb ꜣb
[New Kingdom]
[New Kingdom]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
[Greco-Roman Period]
From Proto-Afroasiatic *leb- Tangale labata Mukulu ʾelbi [ 1]
Likely related to ꜣb ( “ fingernail ” ) via the ‘ivory, tusk’ sense.
m
elephant [Old Kingdom to New Kingdom]
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
→ ? Ancient Greek: ἐλέφας ( eléphas ) (see there for further descendants ) m
elephant tusk [Since the Middle Kingdom] ivory [Since the Middle Kingdom]
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb ꜣbw ꜣb
[Greco-Roman Period]
m./f. topo.
Elephantine (modern Aswan )
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
ꜣbw ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb ꜣbw ꜣb
[Old Kingdom]
[Old Kingdom]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
ꜣbw ꜣbw ꜣbw ꜣb ꜣb
[New Kingdom]
Related to ꜣbt ( “ brand ” ) .
3-lit.
( transitive ) brand (cattle or slaves ) (+ m ḥr [since New Kingdom literature] ( transitive ) scorch (the skin )
Conjugation of ꜣbw (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣbw
infinitival forms
imperative
infinitive
negatival complement
complementary infinitive1
singular
plural
ꜣbw ꜣbww , ꜣbw ꜣbwt ꜣbw ꜣbw
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem
periphrastic imperfective 2
periphrastic prospective 2
ꜣbw ḥr ꜣbw m ꜣbw r ꜣbw
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood
active
passive
contingent
aspect / mood
active
passive
perfect
ꜣbw.n ꜣbww , ꜣbw consecutive
ꜣbw.jn active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
terminative
ꜣbwt
perfective 3
ꜣbw active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 obligative1
ꜣbw.ḫr active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
imperfective
ꜣbw active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
prospective 3
ꜣbw ꜣbw potentialis1
ꜣbw.kꜣ active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
subjunctive
ꜣbw active + .tj 1 , .tw 2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
participles
active
passive
active
passive
perfect
ꜣbw.n active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 —
—
perfective
ꜣbw active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜣbw ꜣbw , ꜣbww 5 , ꜣbwy 5
imperfective
ꜣbw , ꜣbwy , ꜣbww 5 active + .tj 1 , .tw 2 ꜣbw , ꜣbwj 6 , ꜣbwy 6 ꜣbw , ꜣbww 5
prospective
ꜣbw , ꜣbwtj 7 —
ꜣbwtj 4 , ꜣbwt 4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f .fj .s .sj .sn .snj .sn
Only in the masculine singular.
Only in the masculine.
Only in the feminine.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
m
( Late Egyptian ) brand , branding iron
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣbw
m
( medicine ) a substance used medicinally
Declension of ꜣbw (masculine)
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962 ) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian , Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN page 2 Erman, Adolf , Grapow, Hermann (1926 ) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache [1] →ISBN pages 6.9–6.23, 7.15–7.20, 7.22 Wilson, Penelope (1991 ) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu , Liverpool: University of Liverpool, pages 7–9 James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN page 339 Erichsen, Wolja (1954 ) Demotisches Glossar , Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, page 49 Janet H. Johnson, editor (2001 ), The Demotic Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago [2] Y (01.1) , Chicago: The University of Chicago, pages 7–10
^ Orel, Vladimir E. , Stolbova, Olga V. (1995 ) “*leb- ”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18 ), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 1662 , page 360 
