震

See also: ☳

震	U+9707, 震 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9707

← 霆
[U+9706]

CJK Unified Ideographs

霈 →
[U+9708]

Translingual

Han character

震 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月一一女 (MBMMV), four-corner 1023₂, composition ⿱⻗辰)

Derived characters

𢤟, 𢸍, 𤂪, 𭩒, 𨯂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1374, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42300
Dae Jaweon: page 1883, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4064, character 1
Unihan data for U+9707

Chinese

trad.		震
simp. ^#		震

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
辴	tʰɯl, tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	tɯnʔ, djɯn
振	tjɯn, tjɯns
侲	tjɯn, tjɯn
桭	tjɯn, djɯn
唇	tjɯn, ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	tjɯnʔ, tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	tjɯnʔ, djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	tjɯns, hljɯn
蜃	djɯns, djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	djɯn, ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯn) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn).

Etymology

Related to 振 (OC *tjɯns, “to shake”), probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhèn (zhen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen³ / ten³
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zan³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zin²
Gan (Wiktionary): ziin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ́n

(Meixian, Guangdong): zen³
Jin (Wiktionary): zeng³
Northern Min (KCR): cěng
Eastern Min (BUC): cīng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chín / chìn

(Teochew, Peng'im): zing² / dung³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵tsen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhen⁴ / ten³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
  - Wade–Giles: chên⁴
  - Yale: jèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zen³ / ten³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zen / ten
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən⁵³/, /tʰən⁵³/

Note:

zen3 - literary;
ten3 - vernacular (“to shake”).

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zan³
  - Yale: jan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sin⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ziin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɨn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́n
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zen³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sən³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: zeng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
  - Tâi-lô: tsín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sin⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn
  - Tâi-lô: tsìn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cixn
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zing² / dung³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsíng / tùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵²/, /tuŋ²¹³/

Note:

zing2 - literary;
dung3 - vernacular (“to shake”).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsen
  - MiniDict: tsen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sən⁵²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhen⁴ / ten³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁵/, /tʰən⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sən⁴⁵/, /tʰən⁴¹/

Note:

zhen4 - literary;
ten3 - vernacular (“to shake”).

Middle Chinese: tsyinH

Rime
Character	震
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	章刃切
Baxter	tsyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cin^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tər-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	震
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tər-s/
English	clap of thunder
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	震
Reading #	1/1
No.	1367
Phonetic component	辰
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	震
Old Chinese	/*tjɯn/

Definitions

震

^† thunder
^† (of lightning) to strike
to tremble; to shake; to jolt; to quake
(literary, or in compounds) earthquake
震央 ― zhènyāng ― epicentre of an earthquake
(literary, or in compounds) ^† to be excited; to be aroused; to be shocked
^† to stir; to invigorate
^† power; prestige; dignity
^† to fear; to tremble
^† the east
4th of the 8 trigrams
51st hexagram of the I Ching
(～國) (historical) Jin; Zhen (original name of the Balhae state)
a surname

Synonyms

(thunder): 雷 (léi); (Cantonese, Hokkien, Teochew) 雷公 (léigōng); (Jin) 忽雷
(to shake): 震動／震动 (zhèndòng)
(earthquake):

Dialectal synonyms of 地震 (“(to have an) earthquake”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		地震
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身
	Taiwan	地震, 地牛翻身
	Chengde	地震
	Chifeng	地震, 地動
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	地震
	Heihe	地震
	Qiqihar	地震
	Harbin	地震
	Jiamusi	地震
	Baicheng	地震
	Changchun	地震, 地動
	Tonghua	地震, 地動
	Shenyang	地震, 老鱉翻身
	Jinzhou	地震, 地動
	Singapore	地震
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	地震
	Tangshan	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Cangzhou	地震
	Baoding	地震, 地動
	Shijiazhuang	地震, 地動
	Lijin	地震, 地動
	Jinan	地震, 地動
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	地陷
	Dandong	地震, 地動
	Yantai	地震
	Qingdao	地震
	Zhucheng	地震
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	地動
	Lingbao	地動
	Jining	地震, 鰲魚眨眼地翻身
	Wanrong	地動
	Linfen	地震
	Shangqiu	地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身
	Yuanyang	地震
	Zhengzhou	地動
	Xinyang	地動
	Baihe	地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身
	Xi'an	地震, 地動
	Baoji	地震, 地動
	Tianshui	地動, 龍翻身哩
	Xining	地震, 地牛搖頭
	Xuzhou	地震, 地動
	Fuyang	地震, 地動
	Qimen (Anling Junhua)	鰲魚翻身
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	地動
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	地震
	Lanzhou	地震, 地動
	Dunhuang	地震
	Hami	地震, 蛟龍翻身
	Ürümqi	地動
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	地震, 地動
	Nanchong	地震, 地動
	Dazhou	地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒
	Hanyuan	地震, 地動
	Xichang	地震, 鰲魚翻身, 地動
	Zigong	地震
	Chongqing	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Wuhan	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Yichang	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Xiangyang	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Tianmen	地震, 鰲魚換肩
	Guiyang	地震, 地動
	Zunyi	地震
	Bijie	地震
	Liping	地震
	Zhaotong	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Dali	地震
	Kunming	地震, 鱷魚翻身
	Mengzi	地震
	Guilin	地震
	Guanyang	地震, 地動
	Liuzhou	地震
	Jishou	地震
	Changde	鰲魚翻身
	Hanzhong	地震, 地動, 鱷魚翻身
	Kokang	地動, 鰲魚翻身
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	地震, 地動
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	地震
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚擦眼睛, 鰲魚眨眼睛
	Yangzhou	地震, 鰲魚翻身
	Lianyungang	地震
	Lianshui	地震, 地動
	Nantong	地震, 地動
	Anqing	地震
	Wuhu	地震, 地動
	Hefei	地震
	Hong'an	地震, 鰲魚翻身
Cantonese	Guangzhou	地震
	Hong Kong	地震
	Taishan	地震, 地牛躝側
	Yangjiang	地震
	Qinzhou	鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚動翅
Gan	Nanchang	地震
Gan	Pingxiang	地震, 孽龍轉身
Hakka	Meixian	地震, 天地轉側
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	地震
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地轉側
	Wuhua (Changbu)	地震, 地轉側
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	地震
	Jiexi	地牛轉肩
	Jiexi (Huizhai)	地牛換肩
	Luhe	地牛轉肩
	Changting	鰲魚翻身
	Longyan (Yongding)	地轉側
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	地動
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	地震
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	地震
	Liancheng (Peitian)	鰲魚轉側, 地震
	Liancheng (Juxi)	地震
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	地震
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	地震, 地動
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	地動
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	地動
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	地動
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地動
	Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng)	地動
	Bobai (Longtan)	地震
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地動
	Bangkok (Meixian)	天轉側
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	地牛轉肩
Huizhou	Shexian	地震
Huizhou	Qimen (Anling Minhua)	鰲魚翻身, 地震
Jin	Taiyuan	地震, 地動
	Yangyuan	地震, 地動
	Datong	地震, 地動
	Xinzhou	地動
	Lüliang (Lishi)	地震, 地動
	Changzhi	地動
	Linhe	地震, 地動
	Jining	地搖
	Hohhot	地震, 地動
	Erenhot	地震
	Pingshan	地動
	Zhangjiakou	地震
	Handan	地震, 地動
	Linzhou	地動
	Suide	地震, 土牛兒翻身
Northern Min	Jian'ou	地震, 地牛反肩
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	地震, 地牛轉肩
Eastern Min	Gutian	地震, 地牛車轉身 dated
Southern Min	Xiamen	地動
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	地動
	Quanzhou	地動, 地牛翻身
	Zhangzhou	地動, 地牛翻身
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	地動
	Zhangpu	地動
	Dongshan	地牛過肩, 地顫 rural
	Taipei	地動
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	地牛翻身, 地動
	Kaohsiung	地動, 塗牛翻身
	Yilan	地牛翻身, 地動
	Changhua (Lukang)	地動
	Taichung	地動, 地牛翻身
	Tainan	地動, 塗牛翻身
	Hsinchu	地動, 地牛翻身
	Kinmen	地動, 地牛翻身
	Penghu (Magong)	地動, 地牛翻身
	Penang (Hokkien)	地動, 地顫
	Manila (Hokkien)	地動
	Chaozhou	地震
	Shantou	地震
	Jieyang	地牛換肩
	Haifeng	地牛翻身
Puxian Min	Putian	地動
Puxian Min	Xianyou	地動
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	龍翻身, 牛搏肩
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	地震
Wu	Shanghai	地震, 地動
	Suzhou	地震
	Wuxi	地震, 天搖地動
	Wenzhou	地震, 地藏王轉肩
Xiang	Changsha	地震
Xiang	Shuangfeng	地震

(to be excited):

edit

受刺激 (shòu cìjī)
激動／激动 (jīdòng)
衝動／冲动 (chōngdòng)
震動／震动 (zhèndòng) (literary)

Compounds

中源地震
名震一時／名震一时
喊聲震天／喊声震天 (hǎnshēngzhèntiān)
地震 (dìzhèn)
地震儀／地震仪 (dìzhènyí)
地震帶／地震带 (dìzhèndài)
地震強度／地震强度
地震規模／地震规模
天震地駭／天震地骇
威震 (wēizhèn)
威震八方
威震天下
威震寰宇
手震
抗震 (kàngzhèn)
撼天震地
有感地震
構造地震／构造地震
殷天震地
殺聲震天／杀声震天
海底地震
海震 (hǎizhèn)
深源地震
減震器／减震器 (jiǎnzhènqì)
無感地震／无感地震
爆震
眩目震耳
耐震 (nàizhèn)
聲威大震／声威大震 (shēngwēidàzhèn)
腦震盪／脑震荡 (nǎozhèndàng)
訇雷震
車震／车震 (chēzhèn)
防震
防震設計／防震设计
雷震
電震／电震 (diànzhèn)
震中 (zhènzhōng)
震動／震动 (zhèndòng)
震古爍今／震古烁今 (zhèngǔshuòjīn)
震古鑠今／震古铄今
震嚇／震吓
震天 (zhèntiān)
震天價響／震天价响
震天動地／震天动地
震天雷
震天駭地／震天骇地
震央 (zhènyāng)
震宕
震度 (zhèndù)
震怒 (zhènnù)
震怖 (zhènbù)
震恐 (zhènkǒng)
震悚
震悸
震悼
震情
震感 (zhèngǎn)
震愕
震慄／震栗
震懾／震慑 (zhènshè)
震懼／震惧
震撼 (zhènhàn)
震撼人心 (zhènhànrénxīn)
震撼力
震撼彈／震撼弹 (zhènhàndàn)
震旦 (Zhèndàn)
震旦方向
震曜
震服
震波 (zhènbō)
震波測勘／震波测勘
震測／震测
震源 (zhènyuán)
震澤／震泽
震災／震灾 (zhènzāi)
震盪／震荡 (zhèndàng)
震級／震级 (zhènjí)
震耳
震耳欲聾／震耳欲聋 (zhèn'ěryùlóng)
震蕩／震荡 (zhèndàng)
震譜／震谱
震霆
震震
震音 (zhènyīn)
震響／震响 (zhènxiǎng)
震顫／震颤 (zhènchàn)
震顫麻痺／震颤麻痹
震駭／震骇 (zhènhài)
震驚／震惊 (zhènjīng)
餘震／余震 (yúzhèn)

References

“震”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shen
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹
  - Yale: shēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/

Definitions

震

Alternative form of 娠 (shēn, “to be pregnant”)

Japanese

Kanji

震

(Jōyō kanji)

to quake
to tremble

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Kun: ふるう (furuu, 震う, Jōyō)、ふるえる (furueru, 震える, Jōyō)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

震 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

震: Hán Nôm readings: chấn, dấn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.