進

See also: 进

進	U+9032, 進 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9032

← 週
[U+9031]

CJK Unified Ideographs

逳 →
[U+9033]

Translingual

Traditional	進
Simplified	进
Japanese	進
Korean	進

Stroke order (Sans-serif)

Stroke order

Han character

進 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+8, 12 strokes in Chinese, 11 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜人土 (YOG), four-corner 3030₁, composition ⿺辶隹)

Derived characters

𬿫, 𱗽, 𱮣, 𭗝, 𭞷, 𭢜, 𣛎, 璡, 𬔀, 𰰓, 䗯, 𧾄, 𦻗, 𥳟, 𢶘, 𣝤, 𬣓

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1259, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38943
Dae Jaweon: page 1749, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3851, character 5
Unihan data for U+9032

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 進
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (進) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
璡	ʔslin, ʔslins
進	*ʔslins

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 辵 (“walk”) + 隹 (“short-tail bird”). A bird can only walk forward not backward, hence implying "forward". Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslins) : semantic 辵 + abbreviated phonetic 閵 (OC *rins).

Etymology

Unknown (Schuessler, 2007). Note similarities to Burmese ဆန်း (hcan:, “to be new; to begin a new year or season”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jìn (jin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeon³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): din¹
Gan (Wiktionary): zin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chin

(Meixian, Guangdong): jin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): jing³
Northern Min (KCR): ce̿ng
Eastern Min (BUC): céng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chìn

(Teochew, Peng'im): zing³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵cin / ⁵tsin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴
  - Yale: jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jin⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zeon³
  - Yale: jeun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zên³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: din¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tin³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: zin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin
  - Hakka Romanization System: jin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jing³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ce̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: céng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn
  - Tâi-lô: tsìn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cixn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zing³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕin⁴⁵/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsin
  - MiniDict: tsin^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sin⁵²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡sin⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕin⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 進
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕin⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕin⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕin⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡siə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sin³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕĩn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕin³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕin¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕin²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕĩ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sin⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sin⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡saŋ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡siʌ̃³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sin⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sin⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sin⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕin⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sin⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sin⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡søn³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɐn³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡søn³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sin²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɛiŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡seiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡siŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsinH

Rime
Character	進
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	即刃切
Baxter	tsinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sin^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siĕn^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭĕn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts][i][n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔslins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	進
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts][i][n]-s/
English	advance (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	進
Reading #	1/1
No.	6775
Phonetic component	進
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	晉
Old Chinese	/*ʔslins/

Definitions

進

to advance; to move forward
to enter; to go into; to come into
一個女孩進了房間。 [MSC, trad.]
一个女孩进了房间。 [MSC, simp.]
Yī ge nǚhái jìn le fángjiān. [Pinyin]
A girl came into the room.
(used after a verb) into; in
她把買來的東西裝進了轎車。 [MSC, trad.]
她把买来的东西装进了轿车。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā bǎ mǎi lái de dōngxī zhuāng jìn le jiàochē. [Pinyin]
She loaded her shopping into the car.

他把我叫進他的辦公室。 [MSC, trad.]
他把我叫进他的办公室。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā bǎ wǒ jiào jìn tā de bàngōngshì. [Pinyin]
He called me into his office.
to receive; to admit; to recruit
to give; to offer (advice)
我給你進一句忠告吧。 [MSC, trad.]
我给你进一句忠告吧。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ gěi nǐ jìn yī jù zhōnggào ba. [Pinyin]
Let me give you a piece of advice.
to score (a goal)
進球／进球 ― jìnqiú ― to score a goal

他踢進了一個球。 [MSC, trad.]
他踢进了一个球。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā tī jìn le yī ge qiú. [Pinyin]
He kicked a goal.
to eat; to drink
進食／进食 ― jìnshí ― to take a meal

進餐／进餐 ― jìncān ― to have a meal
Classifier for rows of houses within an old-style residential compound.
20th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "advance" (𝌙)

Synonyms

(to enter):

Dialectal synonyms of 進 (“to enter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		入
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		進
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	進
	Taiwan	進
	Malaysia	進
	Singapore	進
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	進
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	進
	Wanrong	進
	Xi'an	進
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	進
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	進
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	進
	Guiyang	進
	Guilin	進
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	進
Cantonese	Guangzhou	入
	Hong Kong	入
	Taishan	入
	Dongguan	入
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	入
	Singapore (Guangfu)	入
Gan	Lichuan	進
Hakka	Meixian	入
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	落, 入
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	入, 落
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	落, 入
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	入, 落
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	落, 入
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	入
Huizhou	Jixi	進
Jin	Xinzhou	進
Northern Min	Jian'ou	裡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	裡
	Matsu	裡
	Singapore (Fuqing)	裡
Southern Min	Xiamen	入
	Quanzhou	入
	Zhangzhou	入
	Zhao'an	入
	Tainan	入
	Penang (Hokkien)	入
	Singapore (Hokkien)	入
	Manila (Hokkien)	入
	Shantou	入
	Jieyang	入
	Singapore (Teochew)	入
	Leizhou	入
	Wenchang	入
	Haikou	入
	Singapore (Hainanese)	入
Wu	Shanghai	進
	Danyang	進
	Jinhua	進

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to advance”): 退 (tuì)

Compounds

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: tiến

Japanese

Shinjitai	進
Kyūjitai ^[1]	進󠄁 進+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	進󠄃 進+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

進

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

advance, make progress, enter

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
On: じん (jin)
Kun: すすむ (susumu, 進む, Jōyō)、すすめる (susumeru, 進める, Jōyō)、のびる (nobiru, 進びる)、じょう (jō)
Nanori: す (su)、すす (susu)、すすみ (susumi)、すすむ (susumu)、のぶ (nobu)、みち (michi)、ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

Proper noun

進(すすむ) • (Susumu)

a male given name

References

^ “進”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Family Register Unified Characters (戸籍統一文字) 440860

Korean

Hanja

進 (eumhun 나아갈 진 (naagal jin))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Hanja

進 (eumhun 선사 신 (seonsa sin))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

進: Hán Nôm readings: tiến, Tiến

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “進”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[1]