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艱辛

艱辛

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See also: 艰辛

Chinese

		difficult; hard; hardship	8th heavenly stem; tired
trad. (艱辛)		艱	辛
simp. (艰辛)		艰	辛

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ san¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-sin / kian-sin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiansin
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-hsin¹
  - Yale: jyān-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianshin
  - Palladius: цзяньсинь (czjanʹsinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaan¹ san¹
  - Yale: gāan sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-sin
  - Tâi-lô: kan-sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kansyn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ sin³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-sin
  - Tâi-lô: kian-sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiensyn
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/

Adjective

艱辛

difficult; arduous
不辭艱辛／不辞艰辛 ― bùcí jiānxīn ― despite hardships

Synonyms

不容易 (bùróngyì)
勤 (qín) (literary, or in compounds)
困難／困难
疑難／疑难 (yínán)
良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
艱巨／艰巨 (jiānjù)
艱苦／艰苦 (jiānkǔ)
艱難／艰难 (jiānnán)
苦難／苦难 (kǔnàn)
辛勞／辛劳 (xīnláo)
辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
難／难

(regional) 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē)

Derived terms

歷盡艱辛／历尽艰辛 (lìjìnjiānxīn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (艱辛):

→ Korean: 간신(艱辛) (gansin)
→ Vietnamese: gian tân (艱辛)

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