燕
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See also: 鷰
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Translingual
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Han character
燕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中心火 (TLPF), four-corner 44331, composition ⿳廿⿴北口灬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 683, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19429
- Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2239, character 6
- Unihan data for U+71D5
Chinese
| trad. | 燕 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 燕 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𱍥 | |
| alternative forms | 鷰／燕 觾 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 燕 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – a swallow.
Etymology 1
Possibly related to 鳦 (OC *qriːd, *qrid) (Wang, 1982). Some have connected it with 咽 (OC *qiːns, “to swallow”), but it is unlikely to be related (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ien3 / ien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ie3
- Northern Min (KCR): i̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): iéng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5i
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin3 / jin3-2
- Yale: yin / yín
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin3 / jin3-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yin3 / yin3-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn³³/, /jiːn³³⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- jin3 - “swallow”;
- jin3-2 - “shuttlecock”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yen4 / yen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jen²¹/, /jen³³/
Note:
- yen4 - “swallow”;
- yen1 - “shuttlecock”.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ien3 / ien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛn²¹³/, /iɛn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen
- Hakka Romanization System: ien
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ie3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: i̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iéng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iɛŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- ìⁿ - vernacular;
- iàn - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: in3 / iang3 / iêng3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ìⁿ / iàng / ièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ĩ²¹³/, /iaŋ²¹³/, /ieŋ²¹³/
Note:
- in3 - vernacular;
- iang3/iêng3 - literary (iêng3 - Chaozhou).
- Middle Chinese: 'enH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤe[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qeːns/
Definitions
燕
- swallow (family Hirundinidae) or swift (family Apodidae)
- (dialectal) shuttlecock used in jianzi
- Alternative form: 毽
Usage notes
To distinguish the two families of birds, swifts are also called 雨燕 (yǔyàn).
Synonyms
Compounds
- 五雀六燕
- 伯勞飛燕／伯劳飞燕
- 兔絲燕麥／兔丝燕麦
- 勞燕分飛／劳燕分飞 (láoyànfēnfēi)
- 土燕
- 堂間處燕／堂间处燕
- 夜燕
- 官燕
- 家燕 (jiāyàn)
- 幕上燕巢
- 幕燕鼎魚／幕燕鼎鱼
- 平山冷燕
- 怡堂燕雀
- 新婚燕爾／新婚燕尔
- 歌鶯舞燕／歌莺舞燕
- 毛燕
- 池魚堂燕／池鱼堂燕
- 海燕 (hǎiyàn)
- 溫鰲妝燕／温鳌妆燕
- 燕丸
- 燕侶／燕侣
- 燕侶鶯儔／燕侣莺俦
- 燕儔鶯侶／燕俦莺侣
- 燕入他家
- 燕几
- 燕出
- 燕剪
- 燕勞／燕劳
- 燕啄皇孫／燕啄皇孙
- 燕喜
- 燕坐
- 燕女
- 燕好
- 燕妒鶯慚／燕妒莺惭
- 燕婉
- 燕子 (yànzi)
- 燕子樓／燕子楼
- 燕子磯／燕子矶
- 燕子箋／燕子笺
- 燕子銜食／燕子衔食
- 燕安
- 燕安鴆毒／燕安鸩毒
- 燕尾 (yànwěi)
- 燕尾服 (yànwěifú)
- 燕居
- 燕巢 (yàncháo)
- 燕巢幕上
- 燕巢於幕／燕巢于幕
- 燕朋
- 燕服
- 燕樂／燕乐 (yànyuè)
- 燕樂考源／燕乐考源
- 燕毛
- 燕燕
- 燕燕于飛
- 燕爾／燕尔
- 燕爾新婚／燕尔新婚
- 燕瘦環肥／燕瘦环肥
- 燕皮 (yànpí)
- 燕禮／燕礼
- 燕私
- 燕窩／燕窝 (yànwō)
- 燕約鶯期／燕约莺期
- 燕翼
- 燕翼詒謀／燕翼诒谋
- 燕舞鶯啼／燕舞莺啼
- 燕菜 (yàncài)
- 燕衎
- 燕語／燕语
- 燕語鶯呼／燕语莺呼
- 燕語鶯啼／燕语莺啼
- 燕語鶯聲／燕语莺声
- 燕賀／燕贺
- 燕足繫書／燕足系书
- 燕足繫詩／燕足系诗
- 燕遊／燕游
- 燕鑒／燕鉴
- 燕雀 (yànquè)
- 燕雀伍
- 燕雀相賀／燕雀相贺
- 燕雀處堂／燕雀处堂
- 燕雀處屋／燕雀处屋
- 燕雁代飛／燕雁代飞
- 燕頷虎頸／燕颔虎颈
- 燕頷虎頭／燕颔虎头
- 燕頷虎鬚／燕颔虎须 (yànhànhǔxū)
- 燕飲／燕饮
- 燕鴴／燕鸻
- 燕鷗／燕鸥
- 燕麥／燕麦 (yànmài)
- 燕麥片／燕麦片 (yànmàipiàn)
- 玉燕投懷／玉燕投怀
- 環肥燕瘦／环肥燕瘦
- 白腰雨燕
- 石燕
- 紫燕
- 舊燕歸巢／旧燕归巢
- 舞燕歌鶯／舞燕歌莺
- 虎頭燕頷／虎头燕颔
- 蠶頭燕尾／蚕头燕尾
- 貽燕／贻燕
- 踏燕奔馬／踏燕奔马
- 踹燕 (chuàiyàn)
- 身輕如燕／身轻如燕 (shēnqīngrúyàn)
- 酺燕
- 金絲燕／金丝燕
- 釜魚幕燕／釜鱼幕燕
- 閒燕／闲燕
- 雛燕／雏燕
- 雙飛燕／双飞燕
- 雨燕 (yǔyàn)
- 飛燕／飞燕 (fēiyàn)
- 飛燕外傳／飞燕外传
- 飛燕游龍／飞燕游龙
- 鵜燕／鹈燕 (tíyàn)
- 鶯儔燕侶／莺俦燕侣
- 鶯啼燕語／莺啼燕语
- 鶯歌燕舞／莺歌燕舞 (yīnggēyànwǔ)
- 鶯燕／莺燕
- 鶯聲燕語／莺声燕语
- 鶯鶯燕燕／莺莺燕燕
- 鷹抓燕雀／鹰抓燕雀
Descendants
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jin1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yen / yan
- Eastern Min (BUC): iĕng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Yan
- Wade–Giles: Yen1
- Yale: Yān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ian
- Palladius: Янь (Janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin1
- Yale: yīn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin1
- Guangdong Romanization: yin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yen
- Hakka Romanization System: ien
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /i̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yan
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian
- Hagfa Pinyim: yan4
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an⁵⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- iang1 - Shantou;
- iêng3 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: 'en
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*qeːn/
Definitions
燕
- (historical) Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty
- (historical) the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms
- northern Hebei
- a surname
Compounds
Descendants
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
- Wade–Giles: yen4
- Yale: yàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jin3
- Yale: yin
- Cantonese Pinyin: jin3
- Guangdong Romanization: yin3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: 'enH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤe[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qeːns/
Definitions
燕
Japanese
Kanji
燕
Readings
- Go-on: えん (en)
- Kan-on: えん (en)
- Kun: つばめ (tsubame, 燕)、さかもり (sakamori, 燕)、くつろぐ (kutsurogu, 燕ぐ)、つばくら (tsubakura, 燕)、つばくろ (tsubakuro, 燕)、つばくらめ (tsubakurame, 燕)
- Nanori: やすし (yasushi)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燕 |
| つばくらめ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) つばくらめ [tsùbákúꜜràmè] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2]
- (Tokyo) つばくらめ [tsùbákúráꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨba̠kɯ̟ɾa̠me̞]
Noun
燕 • (tsubakurame)
- a swallow (bird)
- c. 890: Taketori Monogatari (page 11)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 29:
- 是我邦所謂豆波久良米也
- This is what is called a swallow in my country
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燕 |
| つばめ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ツバメ.
Derived terms
- 雨燕 (amatsubame)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 燕 |
| つばめ Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
- (Tōkyō) つばめ [tsúꜜbàmè] (Atamadaka – [1])
- (Tsubame) つばめ [tsùbáꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [2])
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨba̠me̞]
Proper noun
References
- Horiuchi, Hideaki with Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
- “燕”, in 漢字ぺディア[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
燕 (eum 연 (yeon))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
燕: Hán Nôm readings: yến, én, yên, nhạn, hiên
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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