淨

See also: 凈, 浄, and 净

淨	U+6DE8, 淨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DE8

← 淧
[U+6DE7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

淩 →
[U+6DE9]

Translingual

Traditional	淨
Shinjitai	浄
Simplified	净

Han character

淨 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水月尸木 (EBSD), four-corner 3215₇, composition ⿰氵爭)

Derived characters

𪸊

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 630, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17669
Dae Jaweon: page 1033, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 3, page 1655, character 2
Unihan data for U+6DE8

Chinese

trad.		淨/凈^/净^
simp.		净^*
alternative forms		浄㵾／𪷍瀞𩓞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
琤	sʰraːŋ, sʰreːŋ
崢	zraːŋ, zreːŋ
鬇	zraːŋ, zreːŋ
爭	*ʔsreːŋ
箏	*ʔsreːŋ
猙	ʔsreːŋ, zeŋʔ
埩	ʔsreːŋ, zreːŋ
諍	*ʔsreːŋs
凈	*sʰreːŋ
錚	*sʰreːŋ
棦	*sʰreːŋ
竫	*zreŋʔ
睜	*zeŋʔ
淨	*zeŋs

Etymology 1

Likely related to 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clean, pure”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing⁶ / zeng⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiang
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chēng / chiāⁿ / chīⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zhin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zing⁶ / zeng⁶
  - Yale: jihng / jehng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing⁶ / dzeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing⁶ / zéng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ²²/, /t͡sɛːŋ²²/

Note:

zing6 - literary;
zeng6 - vernacular.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiang
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēng
  - Tâi-lô: tsīng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiāⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cvia
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsīnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cvi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sĩ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sĩ³³/

Note:

chēng - literary;
chiāⁿ - vernacular (“painted-face role”);
chīⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 尖淨).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsĕng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶zhin
  - MiniDict: zhin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³xxin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ʑin²³/

Middle Chinese: dzjengH

Rime
Character	淨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾政切
Baxter	dzjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/d͡ziɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭɛŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tseŋ-s/, /*m-tseŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zeŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	淨	淨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjeng^H ›	‹ dzjeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tseŋ-s/	/*m-tseŋ-s/
English	clean (adj.)	cleanse (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淨
Reading #	1/1
No.	17157
Phonetic component	争
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	淨
Old Chinese	/*zeŋs/
Notes	見墨子，說文靜聲

Definitions

淨

clean; unspoilt
把衣服洗淨／把衣服洗净 ― bǎ yīfú xǐ jìng ― to wash clothes clean
(Cantonese) pure; with nothing else
一碗淨麵／一碗净面 [Cantonese] ― jat¹ wun² zing⁶ min⁶ [Jyutping] ― a bowl of noodles with nothing else
to clean; to cleanse
finished; with nothing left
(of an amount) net
Antonym: 毛 (máo)

淨利／净利 ― jìnglì ― net income; net profit
only; merely; nothing but
你別淨說好聽的。 [MSC, trad.]
你别净说好听的。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ bié jìng shuō hǎotīng de. [Pinyin]
Don't say only good things.

呢間壽司鋪淨做外賣，唔做堂食。 [Cantonese, trad.]
呢间寿司铺净做外卖，唔做堂食。 [Cantonese, simp.]
nei¹ gaan¹ sau⁶ si¹ pou^3-2 zing⁶ zou⁶ ngoi⁶ maai⁶, m⁴ zou⁶ tong⁴ sik⁶. [Jyutping]
(please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 係做木匠、在前開過一間細木舖、後來亦關唨咯、而家靜靠同人做工夫嚟過日子、 [Cantonese, trad.]
  系做木匠、在前开过一间细木铺、后来亦关唨咯、而家静靠同人做工夫嚟过日子、 [Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 粵音指南·上卷, 卷之一　應對須知
  hai⁶ zou⁶ muk⁶ zoeng^6-2, zoi⁶ cin⁴ hoi¹ gwo³ jat¹ gaan¹ sai³ muk⁶ pou^3-2, hau⁶ loi⁴ jik⁶ gwaan¹ zo² lo³, ji⁴ gaa¹ zing⁶ kaau³ tung⁴ jan⁴ zou⁶ gung¹ fu¹ lai⁴ gwo³ jat⁶ zi², [Jyutping]
  He used to work as a woodworker; he had operated a small wood shop, and later closed it as well; currently he only relies on working for other people to make a living.
(Cantonese) Alternative form of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”)
all; all the time
(opera) painted-face role

Synonyms

(only; merely): 只 (zhǐ), 單／单 (dān), (Cantonese) 淨係／净系 (zing6 hai6), 齋／斋 (zaai1)
(painted-face role):

Dialectal synonyms of 淨角 (“painted-face role”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		淨, 淨角
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	花臉兒, 花臉
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	花臉
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	淨, 花臉
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	花臉
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	黑頭
	Wanrong	花臉
	Xi'an	花臉
	Xuzhou	花臉
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	花臉
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	花臉
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	花臉
	Wuhan	花臉
	Guiyang	花臉, 大花臉
	Liuzhou	淨角, 花臉
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	花臉
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	花臉
Cantonese	Dongguan	大花面
Gan	Nanchang	大花臉
	Lichuan	花面
	Pingxiang	花臉
Hakka	Meixian	淨
Hakka	Yudu	大花面
Jin	Xinzhou	唱黑哩
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	花面
Southern Min	Xiamen	花面, 大淨, 淨
Southern Min	Zhangzhou	大淨
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	花面, 大花面
Wu	Shanghai	大花面
	Suzhou	大面
	Danyang	大面
	Hangzhou	大花臉, 大面
	Ningbo	大花臉
	Jinhua	大花面
Xiang	Changsha	花臉

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 淨 – see 埩 (“moat around the gate of the capital of ancient state of Lu”). (This character is a variant form of 埩).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): zêng⁶

Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ³⁵/

Definitions

淨 (Teochew)

to chase
to drive away; to chase away

Japanese

Shinjitai	浄
Kyūjitai	淨

Kanji

淨

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 浄)

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Readings

Go-on: じょう (jō)
Kan-on: せい (sei)
Kun: きよい (kiyoi)

Korean

Hanja

淨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정)

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Vietnamese

Han character

淨: Hán Nôm readings: gianh, tạnh, tĩnh, tịnh

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