岩

See also: 巖, 礹, 巗, 碞, 嵒, and 嵓

岩	U+5CA9, 岩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA9

← 岨
[U+5CA8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岪 →
[U+5CAA]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

岩 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山一口 (UMR), four-corner 2260₁, composition ⿱山石)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 309, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7985
Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 7
Unihan data for U+5CA9

Chinese

trad.		岩/嵒^/巗^/巖
simp.		岩
alternative forms		嵓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 岩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 山 (“hill”) + 石 (“rock”).

Originally written as 巖 – phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“hill”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam). The variant form 岩 first appeared in the clerical script in the Han dynasty era.

Etymology

Cognate with 嚴 (OC *ŋam, “majestic; stern; grave”) and 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”). See 嚴 for more.

癌 (ái, “cancer”) is a derivative of 岩.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngàm
Eastern Min (BUC): ngàng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngang²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gâm / giâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngam⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yi; ⁶nge

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ngaam⁴
  - Yale: ngàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋam¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngang²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaŋ¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâm
  - Tâi-lô: gâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡam²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡam¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
  - Tâi-lô: giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋam⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi; ⁶nge
  - MiniDict: yi^去; nge^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi; ³nge
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/, /ŋe²³/

Middle Chinese: ngaem

Rime
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五銜切
Baxter	ngaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨm/
Li Rong	/ŋam/
Wang Li	/ŋam/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤr[a]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English	rocky, lofty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
No.	3684
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	巖
Old Chinese	/*ŋraːm/

Definitions

岩

cliff
rock; stone; -ite
mountain peak
cave
(obsolete) tall; steep
(obsolete) precipitous and strategically located
- 制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Zhì, yán yì yě, Guó Shū sǐ yān. [Pinyin]
  The Zhi area is a dangerous and strategic place, Guo Shu died there.

Compounds

七星岩 (Qīxīngyán)
七里岩 (Qīlǐyán)
偉晶岩／伟晶岩
冰岩
冰磧岩／冰碛岩
凝灰岩 (nínghuīyán)
千岩萬壑／千岩万壑 (qiānyánwànhè)
噴出岩／喷出岩
大岩桐
大慈岩 (Dàcíyán)
安山岩 (ānshānyán)
岩圈
岩基
岩壁 (yánbì)
岩層／岩层
岩岸
岩床
岩心
岩棉
岩洞 (yándòng)
岩溶 (yánróng)
岩漿／岩浆 (yánjiāng)
岩灣／岩湾 (Yánwān)
岩田
岩石 (yánshí)
岩石圈 (yánshíquān)
岩石學／岩石学 (yánshíxué)
岩礁
岩羊 (yányáng)
岩脈／岩脉
岩鹽／岩盐
巉岩 (chányán)
懸岩／悬岩
攀岩 (pānyán)
斑岩 (bānyán)
板岩 (bǎnyán)
梅家岩 (Méijiāyán)
水成岩 (shuǐchéngyán)
沉積岩／沉积岩 (chénjīyán)
泥板岩 (níbǎnyán)
油頁岩／油页岩
流紋岩／流纹岩
浮岩 (fúyán)
深成岩
瀉水岩／泻水岩 (Xièshuǐyán)
火山岩 (huǒshānyán)
火成岩 (huǒchéngyán)
熔岩 (róngyán)
片岩 (piànyán)
片麻岩 (piànmáyán)
玄武岩 (xuánwǔyán)
玢岩 (bīnyán)
瘦岩岩
白雲岩／白云岩 (báiyúnyán)
石灰岩 (shíhuīyán)
石英岩
矽質岩／矽质岩
砂岩 (shāyán)
硬頁岩／硬页岩
磨變岩／磨变岩
礁岩
礫岩／砾岩 (lìyán)
粘板岩
粒變岩／粒变岩
粗面岩
紅岩寺／红岩寺 (Hóngyánsì)
結晶岩／结晶岩
膨土岩
花崗岩／花岗岩 (huāgāngyán)
角礫岩／角砾岩 (jiǎolìyán)
角頁岩／角页岩
輝綠岩／辉绿岩
輝長岩／辉长岩
鑼圈岩／锣圈岩 (Luóquānyán)
頁岩／页岩 (yèyán)
骨岩岩
高白岩 (Gāobáiyán)
黃牛岩／黄牛岩 (Huángniúyán)
黑曜岩 (hēiyàoyán)
龍巖／龙岩 (Lóngyán)

References

“岩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

岩

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
Kun: いわ (iwa, 岩, Jōyō)^{←いは (ifa, 岩, historical)}

Compounds

岩(がん)漿(しょう) (ganshō): magma
松(しょう)脂(し)岩(がん) (shōshigan): pitchstone

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
岩
いわ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
巌磐

/ipa/ → /ifa/ → /iwa/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いわ [ìwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [iβ̞a̠]

Noun

岩(いわ) • (iwa) ^{←いは (ifa)^?}

rock
- 1999 July 22, “岩(がん)窟(くつ)魔(ま)人(じん)オーガ・ロック [Cave Jinn Ogre Rock]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
  
  体(からだ)が岩(いわ)のため守(しゅ)備(び)は高(たか)い。太(ふと)い腕(うで)のひと振(ふ)りに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
  Karada ga iwa no tame shubi wa takai. Futoi ude no hitofuri ni chūi.
  Its defence is strong thanks to its rock body. Watch out for a swing of its massive arms.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
岩
がん Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 岩 (MC ngaem).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Affix

岩(がん) • (gan)

rock

References

^
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3590:
, text here
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

岩 (eum 암 (am))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Miyako

Kanji

岩

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Kun: ぴぃし (pїshi)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *piri (compare 平良 (Pïsara, “Hirara”) < *pirara), from Proto-Japonic *piri (possibly related to *pira (“slope”)^[1]).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pɨɕi]

Noun

岩(ぴぃし) (psïshi)

rock

References

^ Pellard, Thomas. "A (more) comparative approach to some Japanese etymologies." Studies in Japanese and Korean historical and theoretical linguistics and beyond (2017): 55-64.

Vietnamese

Han character

岩: Hán Nôm readings: nham, nhàm, nhem

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3590:
, text here

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-4] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[5] Pellard, Thomas. "A (more) comparative approach to some Japanese etymologies." Studies in Japanese and Korean historical and theoretical linguistics and beyond (2017): 55-64.

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