啟

See also: 啓 and 启

啟	U+555F, 啟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555F

← 啞
[U+555E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

啠 →
[U+5560]

Translingual

Traditional	啟
Simplified	启
Japanese	啓
Korean	啓

Han character

啟 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹口人大 (HROK), four-corner 3860₄, composition ⿰户攵(G) or ⿰启攵(HT))

Usage notes

This character form is not found in the Kangxi dictionary and is not used in Japan or Korea (啓 is used instead). It is the preferred form used in Hong Kong and Taiwan; historically the preferred form is 啓 in Hong Kong, but this has shifted in recent years.

Derived characters

闙, 𥳃, 𣘼, 𭨠, 𦘦, 𮮝, 𫫤, 𫹢

Related characters

啓 (Form used in Japan and Korea) (Also found in the Kangxi Dictionary)

Descendants

启 (Simplified Chinese)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 196, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3821
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1463, character 8
Unihan data for U+555F

Chinese

trad.		啟/啓
simp.		启
alternative forms		唘啔

Wikipedia has articles on:

啟 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
啓 (Cantonese)
啓 (Classical)
Khé (Southern Min)
启 (Wu)
Qi of Xia (English)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 啟
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (啓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
啓	*kʰeːʔ
啟	*kʰeːʔ
棨	*kʰeːʔ
綮	*kʰeːʔ
晵	kʰeːʔ, kʰens
闙	*kʰeːʔ
启	*kʰeːʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qǐ (qi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kai²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khí
Eastern Min (BUC): kiē
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khé

(Teochew, Peng'im): ki²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi³
  - Yale: chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chii
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kai²
  - Yale: kái
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kei²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khí
  - Hakka Romanization System: ki^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ki³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kiē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰie³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé
  - Tâi-lô: khé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qea
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰe⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰe⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ki²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi⁵²/

Middle Chinese: khejX

Rime
Character	啟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	康禮切
Baxter	khejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰei^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰei^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɛi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛj^X/
Li Rong	/kʰei^X/
Wang Li	/kʰiei^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiei^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤijʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ khej^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁijʔ/
English	open (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啟
Reading #	1/1
No.	10129
Phonetic component	啓
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	啓
Old Chinese	/*kʰeːʔ/
Notes	啓通用異體見漢簡

Definitions

啟

to open
to enlighten; to educate; to inspire
to start; to begin; to commence
to inform; to state; to explain
note; short letter
(Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty)
Short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”).
a surname

Synonyms

Terms for the book of Revelation in different branches of Christianity

Branch	Names	Abbreviations edit
Protestant	啟示錄	啟
Roman Catholic	若望默示錄, 默示錄	默
Eastern Orthodox	約安之啟示錄

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

啟

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): けい (kei)
Kun: ひらく (hiraku)、もうす (mōsu)

Korean

Hanja

啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啟: Hán Nôm readings: khải, khơi, khui

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.