保險

See also: 保险

Chinese

		to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard	danger(ous); rugged
trad. (保險)		保	險
simp. (保险)		保	险

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保險

Etymology

"insurance": First attested in the 1860s, in English and Chinese Dictionary: With the Punti and Mandarin Pronunciation [1866] by German missionary Wilhelm Lobscheid.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎoxiǎn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² him²
Gan (Wiktionary): bau³ xien³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-hiám
Northern Min (KCR): bǎu-hǐng
Eastern Min (BUC): bō̤-hiēng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor³ hieng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pó-hiám

(Teochew, Peng'im): bo² hiam²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pau-shi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoxiǎn [Phonetic: báoxiǎn]
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎosiǎn
  - Wade–Giles: pao³-hsien³
  - Yale: bǎu-syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoshean
  - Palladius: баосянь (baosjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou² him²
  - Yale: bóu hím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou² him²
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou² him²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ hiːm³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bau³ xien³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau²¹³⁻²⁴ ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-hiám
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo^ˋ hiam^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo³ hiam³
  - Sinological IPA: /po³¹ hi̯am³¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎu-hǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau²¹ xiŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bō̤-hiēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻³⁵ ^(h-)ieŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bor³ hieng³ [Phonetic: bor⁵ hieng³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bô̤-hiâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ hiɛŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bor³ hieng³ [Phonetic: bor⁵ hieng³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ³³²⁻²¹ hiɛŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-hiám
  - Tâi-lô: pó-hiám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poy'hiarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo² hiam²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó hiám
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵²⁻³⁵ hiam⁵²⁻²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵pau-shi
  - MiniDict: pau^去 shi
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau-xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: pawX xjemX

Rime
Character	保	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博抱切	虚檢切
Baxter	pawX	xjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑu^X/	/hˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑu^X/	/hᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑu^X/	/xiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paw^X/	/hjiam^X/
Li Rong	/pɑu^X/	/xjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/pɑu^X/	/xĭɛm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɑu^X/	/xi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo	xiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou²	him²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuʔ qʰr[a]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ qʰramʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	保	險	險
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎo	xiǎn	xiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ paw^X ›	‹ xjæm^X ›	‹ xjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁuʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/
English	protect	precipitous, dangerous	precipitous, dangerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	保	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	318	10221
Phonetic component	保	僉
Rime group	幽	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	寶	險
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/	/*qʰramʔ/

Verb

保險

to assure; to guarantee
我敢保險這是世界新紀錄。 [MSC, trad.]
我敢保险这是世界新纪录。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ gǎn bǎoxiǎn zhè shì shìjiè xīn jìlù. [Pinyin]
I can assure you that this is the new world record.
(colloquial) to be bound to; to be sure to
照我說的做，保險沒事。 [MSC, trad.]
照我说的做，保险没事。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhào wǒ shuō de zuò, bǎoxiǎn méishì. [Pinyin]
Do as I say and I am sure you will be fine.
(literary) to guard a strategic place; to defend a strategic pass

Synonyms

(to assure):

edit

保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
保準 / 保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
保穩 / 保稳 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
保證 / 保证 (bǎozhèng)
保障 (bǎozhàng)
保領 / 保领 (Hokkien)
包
包保 (bāobǎo)
包管 (bāoguǎn) (colloquial)
包領 / 包领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
擔保 / 担保 (dānbǎo)
確保 / 确保 (quèbǎo)
管 (guǎn)
管保 (guǎnbǎo) (colloquial)
管教 (guǎnjiào)

Adjective

保險

safe; secure
天氣忽冷忽熱，多穿點保險！ [MSC, trad.]
天气忽冷忽热，多穿点保险！ [MSC, simp.]
Tiānqì hūlěnghūrè, duō chuān diǎn bǎoxiǎn! [Pinyin]
The weather is quite variable; please wear a bit more just to be safe!

Synonyms

edit

信實 / 信实 (xìnshí)
停 (tíng) (literary, or in compounds)
可恃 (kěshì) (literary)
可靠 (kěkào)
把牢 (bǎláo) (regional, chiefly in the negative)
把穩 / 把稳 (bǎwěn) (regional)
牢 (láo)
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢靠 (láokào)
穩妥 / 稳妥 (wěntuǒ)
穩當 / 稳当
穩陣 / 稳阵 (wan2 zan6) (Cantonese)

Noun

保險

safety (mechanical device on a firearm)
insurance; indemnity (equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another in exchange for payment) (Classifier: 份 m c)
保險額／保险额 ― bǎoxiǎn é ― insurance coverage

你的車上保險了嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
你的车上保险了吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ de chē shàng bǎoxiǎn le ma? [Pinyin]
Is your car insured?

Synonyms

(insurance): (short form) 險／险 (xiǎn), (Cantonese, dated) 燕梳

Adverb

保險

(dialectal) certainly

Synonyms

edit

一定 (yīdìng)
保準 / 保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
保管 (bǎoguǎn)
勢必 / 势必 (shìbì)
定必 (ding⁶ bit¹) (Cantonese)
局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
必定 (bìdìng)
必然 (bìrán)
決計 / 决计 (juéjì)
準保 / 准保 (zhǔnbǎo)
準定 / 准定 (zhǔndìng)
無疑 / 无疑 (wúyí)
硬額 / 硬额 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
肯定 (kěndìng)

Derived terms

人壽保險 / 人寿保险 (rénshòu bǎoxiǎn)
人身保險 / 人身保险 (rénshēn bǎoxiǎn)
保險人 / 保险人 (bǎoxiǎnrén)
保險係數 / 保险系数 (bǎoxiǎn xìshù)
保險公司 / 保险公司 (bǎoxiǎn gōngsī)
保險刀 / 保险刀 (bǎoxiǎndāo)
保險刀片 / 保险刀片
保險利益 / 保险利益
保險合同 / 保险合同 (bǎoxiǎn hétong)
保險單 / 保险单 (bǎoxiǎndān)
保險套 / 保险套 (bǎoxiǎntào)
保險帶 / 保险带 (bǎoxiǎndài)
保險期 / 保险期 (bǎoxiǎnqī)
保險桿 / 保险杆 (bǎoxiǎngǎn)
保險業 / 保险业 (bǎoxiǎnyè)
保險槓 / 保险杠 (bǎoxiǎngàng)
保險櫃 / 保险柜 (bǎoxiǎnguì)
保險法 / 保险法 (bǎoxiǎnfǎ)
保險燈 / 保险灯 (bǎoxiǎndēng)
保險盒 / 保险盒 (bǎoxiǎnhé)
保險箱 / 保险箱 (bǎoxiǎnxiāng)
保險絲 / 保险丝 (bǎoxiǎnsī)
保險給付 / 保险给付
保險經紀人 / 保险经纪人
保險裝置 / 保险装置 (bǎoxiǎn zhuāngzhì)
保險計劃 / 保险计划 (bǎoxiǎn jìhuà)
保險費 / 保险费 (bǎoxiǎnfèi)
保險賠償 / 保险赔偿
保險金 / 保险金 (bǎoxiǎnjīn)
保險金額 / 保险金额 (bǎoxiǎn jīn'é)
保險開關 / 保险开关
健康保險 / 健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
傷害保險 / 伤害保险
全民保險 / 全民保险
全民健康保險 / 全民健康保险
公保 (gōngbǎo)
公共保險 / 公共保险
兵災保險 / 兵灾保险
勞動保險 / 劳动保险
包裹保險 / 包裹保险
失業保險 / 失业保险
存款保險 / 存款保险 (cúnkuǎn bǎoxiǎn)
定期保險 / 定期保险
工傷保險 / 工伤保险 (gōngshāng bǎoxiǎn)
強制保險 / 强制保险
拉保險 / 拉保险
損失補償性保險 / 损失补偿性保险 (sǔnshī bǔchángxìng bǎoxiǎn)
汽車保險 / 汽车保险
汽車第三責任保險 / 汽车第三责任保险
海上保險 / 海上保险
漁民保險 / 渔民保险
火災保險 / 火灾保险
生命保險 / 生命保险 (shēngmìng bǎoxiǎn)
產物保險 / 产物保险
社會保險 / 社会保险 (shèhuì bǎoxiǎn)
私校保險 / 私校保险
稻作保險 / 稻作保险
終身保險 / 终身保险
被保險人 / 被保险人 (bèibǎoxiǎnrén)
財產保險 / 财产保险 (cáichǎn bǎoxiǎn)
責任保險 / 责任保险 (zérèn bǎoxiǎn)
醫療保險 / 医疗保险 (yīliáo bǎoxiǎn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (保險):

→ Japanese: 保(ほ)険(けん) (hoken)
→ Korean: 보험(保險) (boheom)
→ Vietnamese: bảo hiểm (保險)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
保	險
ほ Grade: 5	けん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Noun

保(ほ)險(けん) • (hoken)

Kyūjitai form of 保険: insurance

Korean

Hanja in this term
保	險

Noun

保險 • (boheom) (hangeul 보험)

hanja form^? of 보험 (“insurance”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
保	險

Noun

保險

chữ Hán form of bảo hiểm (“insurance”).