गिरि
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Old Awadhi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गिरि (giri).
Noun
गिरि (giri) (𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱, Perso-Arabic گِر)
- mountain, hill
- c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Saṅkaṭmocan Hanumān Aṣṭak :
- बालि की त्रास कपीस बसै गिरि
- bāli kī trāsa kapīsa basai giri
- /bāli kī trās kapīs basai giri/
- बालि की त्रास कपीस बसै गिरि
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
गिरि m
- Devanagari script form of giri (“mountain”)
Declension
Declension table of "गिरि" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | गिरि (giri) | गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī) |
| Accusative (second) | गिरिं (giriṃ) | गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī) |
| Instrumental (third) | गिरिना (girinā) | गिरीहि (girīhi) or गिरीभि (girībhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | गिरिस्स (girissa) or गिरिनो (girino) | गिरीनं (girīnaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | गिरिस्मा (girismā) or गिरिम्हा (girimhā) | गिरीहि (girīhi) or गिरीभि (girībhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | गिरिस्स (girissa) or गिरिनो (girino) | गिरीनं (girīnaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | गिरिस्मिं (girismiṃ) or गिरिम्हि (girimhi) | गिरीसु (girīsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | गिरि (giri) | गिरयो (girayo) or गिरी (girī) |
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- गिरी (girī)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- গিৰি (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬶᬭᬶ (Balinese script)
- গিরি (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰰𑰨𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဂိရိ (Burmese script)
- ગિરિ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਿਰਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌿𑌰𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦶꦫꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಗಿರಿ (Kannada script)
- គិរិ (Khmer script)
- ຄິຣິ (Lao script)
- ഗിരി (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᡳᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘱𑘨𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠢᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧒𑧈𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐶𑐬𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଗିରି (Odia script)
- ꢔꢶꢬꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆴𑆫𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖰𑖨𑖰 (Siddham script)
- ගිරි (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩑𑩼𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚮𑚤𑚮 (Takri script)
- கி³ரி (Tamil script)
- గిరి (Telugu script)
- คิริ (Thai script)
- གི་རི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒱𑒩𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨁𑨫𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš (“mountain”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-í-s (“elevation”), from *gʷerH- (“to elevate”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gairi, “mountain”), Pashto غر (ǧar), Old Church Slavonic гора (gora, “mountain”), Ancient Greek Βορέας (Boréas), Albanian gur.
Pronunciation
Noun
गिरि • (girí) stem, m
- mountain, hill, rock, elevation, rising-ground
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.24.8:
- न वी॒ळवे॒ नम॑ते॒ न स्थि॒राय॒ न शर्ध॑ते॒ दस्यु॑-जूताय स्त॒वान् ।
अज्रा॒ इन्द्र॑स्य गि॒रय॑श् चिद् ऋ॒ष्वा ग॑म्भी॒रे चि॑द् भवति गा॒धम् अ॑स्मै ॥- ná vīḷáve námate ná sthirā́ya ná śárdhate dásyu-jūtāya stavā́n.
ájrā índrasya giráyaś cid ṛṣvā́ gambhīré cid bhavati gādhám asmai. - Glorified by us, he bows not down to the robust, nor to the resolute, nor to the person vering, who is instrumental gated by the Dasyus; the lofty mountains are easy of access o Indra; to him there is a bottom in the deep.
- ná vīḷáve námate ná sthirā́ya ná śárdhate dásyu-jūtāya stavā́n.
- न वी॒ळवे॒ नम॑ते॒ न स्थि॒राय॒ न शर्ध॑ते॒ दस्यु॑-जूताय स्त॒वान् ।
Declension
| Masculine i-stem declension of गिरि (girí) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गिरिः giríḥ |
गिरी girī́ |
गिरयः giráyaḥ |
| Vocative | गिरे gíre |
गिरी gírī |
गिरयः gírayaḥ |
| Accusative | गिरिम् girím |
गिरी girī́ |
गिरीन् girī́n |
| Instrumental | गिरिणा / गिर्या¹ giríṇā / giryā́¹ |
गिरिभ्याम् giríbhyām |
गिरिभिः giríbhiḥ |
| Dative | गिरये giráye |
गिरिभ्याम् giríbhyām |
गिरिभ्यः giríbhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गिरेः / गिर्यः¹ giréḥ / giryáḥ¹ |
गिरिभ्याम् giríbhyām |
गिरिभ्यः giríbhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गिरेः / गिर्यः¹ giréḥ / giryáḥ¹ |
गिर्योः giryóḥ |
गिरीणाम् girīṇā́m |
| Locative | गिरौ / गिरा¹ giraú / girā́¹ |
गिर्योः giryóḥ |
गिरिषु giríṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Dardic:
- Pali: giri
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (giri)
- → Old Awadhi: (learned)
- → Old Javanese: giri
- → Kannada: ಗಿರಿ (giri) (learned)
- → Malay: giri (learned)
- → Telugu: గిరి (giri) (learned)
- → Thai: คิริ (kí-rí) (learned)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “गिरि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 355.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “giri”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 223
Categories:
- Old Awadhi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Old Awadhi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Old Awadhi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Old Awadhi lemmas
- Old Awadhi nouns
- Old Awadhi nouns in Devanagari script
- Old Awadhi terms with quotations
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷerH-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit i-stem nouns
- sa:Landforms