آل

See also: ال and أل

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ء و ل (ʔ w l)
15 terms

Compare Akkadian 𒌷 (ālum).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔaːl/
Audio: (file)

Noun

آل • (ʔāl) m

family
- a. 906, الناشئ الأكبر [an-nāšiʾ al-ʾakbar], كأنما الآل باعوا لها (first line)‎^[1]:
  كأنما الآل باعوا لها … سوائمٌ قد غابَ راعيها
  تتلع أحياناً أكمها … ثم تهاوى في مهاويها
  As though the family sold her … cattle of which the herder dashes
  Their hills at times can hold them … Then into their pits she crashes.
(obsolete) a vapor or exhalation that becomes visible in the desert in the morn or eve distinct from a سَرَاب (sarāb) by not reflecting
- c. 700, أُميَّةُ بن أَبي عائِذٍ الهُذَليّ [Umayya ibn ʾabī ʿāʾiḏ (al-huḏalīy)], Dīwān al-Huḏalīyīn [Diwan Hodsailitarum / Hudsailian poems / Huḏaylitendiwan], page 201 verse 38 in Kosegarten’s edition:
  وَفِي غَمْرَةِ الْآلِ خِلْتُ الصُّوَى … عُرُوكًا عَلَى رَائِس يَقْسِمُونَا
  wafī ḡamrati al-ʔāli ḵiltu ṣ-ṣuwā … ʕurūkan ʕalā rāʔis yaqsimūnā
  In the overabundance of fogs I fancied the barrows … the mariners onto the valleyhead, dividing us

Declension

Declension of noun آل (ʔāl)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	آل ʔāl	الْآل al-ʔāl	آل ʔāl
nominative	آلٌ ʔālun	الْآلُ al-ʔālu	آلُ ʔālu
accusative	آلًا ʔālan	الْآلَ al-ʔāla	آلَ ʔāla
genitive	آلٍ ʔālin	الْآلِ al-ʔāli	آلِ ʔāli

Related terms

ٱللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ (allāhumma ṣalli ʕalā muḥammadin wa-ʔāli muḥammadin)
صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wa-ʔālihī wa-sallama)

Descendants

→ Ottoman Turkish: آل (al)
→ Persian: آل (âl)

Etymology 2

Root
ء و ل (ʔ w l)
15 terms

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔaː.la/

Verb

آلَ • (ʔāla) I (non-past يَؤُولُ (yaʔūlu), verbal noun أَوْل (ʔawl) or إِيَال (ʔiyāl) or أَيْلُولَة (ʔaylūla))

to return
to turn into, to become [with إِلَى (ʔilā)]
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:صار

Conjugation

Conjugation of **آلَ** (I, hollow, a ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns *أَوْل*, *إِيَال*, *أَيْلُولَة*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					أَوْل, إِيَال, أَيْلُولَة ʔawl, ʔiyāl, ʔaylūla
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					آئِل ʔāʔil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَؤُول maʔūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	أُلْتُ ʔultu	أُلْتَ ʔulta	آلَ ʔāla	أُلْتُمَا ʔultumā	آلَا ʔālā	أُلْنَا ʔulnā	أُلْتُمْ ʔultum	آلُوا ʔālū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	أُلْتُ ʔultu	أُلْتِ ʔulti	آلَتْ ʔālat	أُلْتُمَا ʔultumā	آلَتَا ʔālatā	أُلْنَا ʔulnā	أُلْتُنَّ ʔultunna	أُلْنَ ʔulna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَؤُولُ ʔaʔūlu	تَؤُولُ taʔūlu	يَؤُولُ yaʔūlu	تَؤُولَانِ taʔūlāni	يَؤُولَانِ yaʔūlāni	نَؤُولُ naʔūlu	تَؤُولُونَ taʔūlūna	يَؤُولُونَ yaʔūlūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَؤُولُ ʔaʔūlu	تَؤُولِينَ taʔūlīna	تَؤُولُ taʔūlu	تَؤُولَانِ taʔūlāni	تَؤُولَانِ taʔūlāni	نَؤُولُ naʔūlu	تَؤُلْنَ taʔulna	يَؤُلْنَ yaʔulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَؤُولَ ʔaʔūla	تَؤُولَ taʔūla	يَؤُولَ yaʔūla	تَؤُولَا taʔūlā	يَؤُولَا yaʔūlā	نَؤُولَ naʔūla	تَؤُولُوا taʔūlū	يَؤُولُوا yaʔūlū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَؤُولَ ʔaʔūla	تَؤُولِي taʔūlī	تَؤُولَ taʔūla	تَؤُولَا taʔūlā	تَؤُولَا taʔūlā	نَؤُولَ naʔūla	تَؤُلْنَ taʔulna	يَؤُلْنَ yaʔulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَؤُلْ ʔaʔul	تَؤُلْ taʔul	يَؤُلْ yaʔul	تَؤُولَا taʔūlā	يَؤُولَا yaʔūlā	نَؤُلْ naʔul	تَؤُولُوا taʔūlū	يَؤُولُوا yaʔūlū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَؤُلْ ʔaʔul	تَؤُولِي taʔūlī	تَؤُلْ taʔul	تَؤُولَا taʔūlā	تَؤُولَا taʔūlā	نَؤُلْ naʔul	تَؤُلْنَ taʔulna	يَؤُلْنَ yaʔulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		أُلْ ʔul		أُولَا ʔūlā			أُولُوا ʔūlū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		أُولِي ʔūlī		أُولَا ʔūlā			أُلْنَ ʔulna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	إِيلَ ʔīla	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُؤَالُ yuʔālu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُؤَالَ yuʔāla	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُؤَلْ yuʔal	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Etymology 3

Verb

آلُ • (ʔālu) (form I) /ʔaː.lu/

first-person singular non-past active jussive of أَلَا (ʔalā)

References

Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “آل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate.
Wehr, Hans (1979) “آل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Arabic آل (ʔāl).

Noun

آل • (al)

family

References

Mallouf, Nassif (1856) Dictionnaire français-turc, 2nd edition, Paris: Maisonneuve, page 261

Etymology 2

From Proto-Turkic *āl.

Adjective

آل • (al)

crimson, red

Descendants

Turkish: al
→ Albanian: all
→ Armenian: ալ (al)
→ Greek: άλικος (álikos, “crimson”)

Persian

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔaːl]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːl̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːl̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔl]

Readings
Classical reading^?	āl
Dari reading^?	āl
Iranian reading^?	âl
Tajik reading^?	ol

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic آل (ʔāl).

Noun

آل • (âl)

(literary or historical) family, lineage, house

Etymology 2

Émile Benveniste claims that āl-γonak, the precursor of modern (âlgune), is attested and connects this to the Persian female name Ἀλογούνη (Alogoúnē) mentioned in Ctesias.^[1] Harold Walter Bailey suggests that this is a merger of two Proto-Iranian [Term?] roots, *āla- and *harda-, cf. Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀 (harəda).^[2] Walther Hinz similarly posits Proto-Iranian *Hr̥da- from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) and suggests that this is the source of (âlu, “plum”) and (âloh, “eagle”),^[3] though the latter is also traced to a different Indo-European root. The link to Proto-Turkic *āl is likely coincidental, or otherwise the Turkic is from Iranian.

Adjective

آل • (âl)

bright red, scarlet

Derived terms

آلگون (âlgun)

References

^ Benveniste, Émile (1960) “Le dieu Ohrmazd et le démon Albasti”, in Journal Asiatique, number 248, page 70
^ Bailey, Harold Walter (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
^ Hinz, Walther (1972) “Review of M. Boyce and I. Gershevitch (eds.), W B Henning Memorial Volume”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, number 77, pages 290—296

Ushojo

Noun

آل (āl)

[1] Benveniste, Émile (1960) “Le dieu Ohrmazd et le démon Albasti”, in Journal Asiatique, number 248, page 70

[2] Bailey, Harold Walter (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press

[3] Hinz, Walther (1972) “Review of M. Boyce and I. Gershevitch (eds.), W B Henning Memorial Volume”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, number 77, pages 290—296

[1]

[2]

[3]

آق (ak)	بوز (boz)	قره (kara)
قزل (kızıl); آل (al)	ترنجی (türünci); قوڭور (koñur)	صاری (sarı)
	یشیل (yeşil)
	گوك (gök)	ماوی (mavi)
مور (mor)	افلاطون (eflatun)	پنبه (pembe)