φύω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

φυίω (phuíō) — Aeolic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pʰúyō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHyéti, from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).^[1]

Cognate with Old Armenian բոյս (boys, “plant”), Sanskrit भवति (bhavati), Avestan 𐬠𐬎 (bu), Latin fuī (“I was”), Old English bēon (English be), Albanian bëj.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰý.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰy.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸy.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfy.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.o/

Verb

φῠ́ω • (phúō)

(transitive) to bring forth, produce, generate, cause to grow
(transitive) to beget, bear, give birth to
(intransitive) to grow, arise, spring up
(intransitive, present tense) to become [with adjective]
(intransitive, aorist and perfect)
(copulative) to be by nature [with adjective]
(intransitive) to be naturally disposed to, prone [with infinitive ‘to do’]
(impersonal) It is natural, happens naturally [with infinitive ‘that ...’]
to be one's natural lot [with dative ‘someone's’]

Inflection

Present active, future active, and 1st aorist active are transitive; others are intransitive.

Present: φῠ́ω, φῠ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῠ́ω	φῠ́εις	φῠ́ει	φῠ́ετον	φῠ́ετον	φῠ́ομεν	φῠ́ετε	φῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω	φῠ́ῃς	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ητε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῠ́οιμῐ	φῠ́οις	φῠ́οι	φῠ́οιτον	φῠοίτην	φῠ́οιμεν	φῠ́οιτε	φῠ́οιεν
	imperative		φῠ́ε	φῠέτω	φῠ́ετον	φῠέτων		φῠ́ετε	φῠόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	φῠ́ομαι	φῠ́ῃ, φῠ́ει	φῠ́εται	φῠ́εσθον	φῠ́εσθον	φῠόμεθᾰ	φῠ́εσθε	φῠ́ονται
	subjunctive	φῠ́ωμαι	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ηται	φῠ́ησθον	φῠ́ησθον	φῠώμεθᾰ	φῠ́ησθε	φῠ́ωνται
	optative	φῠοίμην	φῠ́οιο	φῠ́οιτο	φῠ́οισθον	φῠοίσθην	φῠοίμεθᾰ	φῠ́οισθε	φῠ́οιντο
	imperative		φῠ́ου	φῠέσθω	φῠ́εσθον	φῠέσθων		φῠ́εσθε	φῠέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		φῠ́ειν				φῠ́εσθαι
participle	m	φῠ́ων				φῠόμενος
	f	φῠ́ουσᾰ				φῠομένη
	n	φῠ́ον				φῠόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἔφῠον, ἐφῠόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῠον	ἔφῠες	ἔφῠε(ν)	ἐφῠ́ετον	ἐφῠέτην	ἐφῠ́ομεν	ἐφῠ́ετε	ἔφῠον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐφῠόμην	ἐφῠ́ου	ἐφῠ́ετο	ἐφῠ́εσθον	ἐφῠέσθην	ἐφῠόμεθᾰ	ἐφῠ́εσθε	ἐφῠ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: φῡ́σω, φῡ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σεις	φῡ́σει	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σετον	φῡ́σομεν	φῡ́σετε	φῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	φῡ́σοιμῐ	φῡ́σοις	φῡ́σοι	φῡ́σοιτον	φῡσοίτην	φῡ́σοιμεν	φῡ́σοιτε	φῡ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	φῡ́σομαι	φῡ́σῃ, φῡ́σει	φῡ́σεται	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡ́σεσθον	φῡσόμεθᾰ	φῡ́σεσθε	φῡ́σονται
middle	optative	φῡσοίμην	φῡ́σοιο	φῡ́σοιτο	φῡ́σοισθον	φῡσοίσθην	φῡσοίμεθᾰ	φῡ́σοισθε	φῡ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φῡ́σειν			φῡ́σεσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σων			φῡσόμενος
	f	φῡ́σουσᾰ			φῡσομένη
	n	φῦσον			φῡσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: φυήσω, φυήσομαι (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φυήσω	φυήσεις	φυήσει	φυήσετον	φυήσετον	φυήσομεν	φυήσετε	φυήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	φυήσοιμῐ	φυήσοις	φυήσοι	φυήσοιτον	φυησοίτην	φυήσοιμεν	φυήσοιτε	φυήσοιεν
middle	indicative	φυήσομαι	φυήσῃ, φυήσει	φυήσεται	φυήσεσθον	φυήσεσθον	φυησόμεθᾰ	φυήσεσθε	φυήσονται
middle	optative	φυησοίμην	φυήσοιο	φυήσοιτο	φυήσοισθον	φυησοίσθην	φυησοίμεθᾰ	φυήσοισθε	φυήσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		φυήσειν			φυήσεσθαι
participle	m	φυήσων			φυησόμενος
	f	φυήσουσᾰ			φυησομένη
	n	φυῆσον			φυησόμενον

Aorist: ἔφῡσᾰ, ἐφῡσᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῡσᾰ	ἔφῡσᾰς	ἔφῡσε(ν)	ἐφῡ́σᾰτον	ἐφῡσᾰ́την	ἐφῡ́σᾰμεν	ἐφῡ́σᾰτε	ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῡ́σω	φῡ́σῃς	φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σητον	φῡ́σητον	φῡ́σωμεν	φῡ́σητε	φῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῡ́σαιμῐ	φῡ́σειᾰς, φῡ́σαις	φῡ́σειε(ν), φῡ́σαι	φῡ́σαιτον	φῡσαίτην	φῡ́σαιμεν	φῡ́σαιτε	φῡ́σειᾰν, φῡ́σαιεν
	imperative		φῦσον	φῡσᾰ́τω	φῡ́σᾰτον	φῡσᾰ́των		φῡ́σᾰτε	φῡσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐφῡσᾰ́μην	ἐφῡ́σω	ἐφῡ́σᾰτο	ἐφῡ́σᾰσθον	ἐφῡσᾰ́σθην	ἐφῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐφῡ́σᾰσθε	ἐφῡ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	φῡ́σωμαι	φῡ́σῃ	φῡ́σηται	φῡ́σησθον	φῡ́σησθον	φῡσώμεθᾰ	φῡ́σησθε	φῡ́σωνται
	optative	φῡσαίμην	φῡ́σαιο	φῡ́σαιτο	φῡ́σαισθον	φῡσαίσθην	φῡσαίμεθᾰ	φῡ́σαισθε	φῡ́σαιντο
	imperative		φῦσαι	φῡσᾰ́σθω	φῡ́σᾰσθον	φῡσᾰ́σθων		φῡ́σᾰσθε	φῡσᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦσαι			φῡ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m	φῡ́σᾱς			φῡσᾰ́μενος
	f	φῡ́σᾱσᾰ			φῡσᾰμένη
	n	φῦσᾰν			φῡσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔφῡν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔφῡν	ἔφῡς	ἔφῡ	ἔφῡτον	ἐφῡ́την	ἔφῡμεν	ἔφῡτε	ἔφῡσᾰν
	subjunctive	φῠ́ω	φῠ́ῃς	φῠ́ῃ	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ητον	φῠ́ωμεν	φῠ́ωτε	φῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative
	imperative		φῦθῐ	φῡ́τω	φῦτον	φῡ́των		φῦτε	φῡ́ντων
middle	indicative
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
		active			middle
infinitive		φῦναι
participle	m	φῡ́ς
	f	φῦσᾰ
	n	φῠ́ν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: φῦν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	φῦν	φῦς	φῦ	φῦτον	φῡ́την	φῦμεν	φῦτε	φῦσᾰν
middle	indicative
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐφῠ́ην (Koine)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
passive	indicative	ἐφῠ́ην	ἐφῠ́ης	ἐφῠ́η	ἐφῠ́ητον	ἐφῠήτην	ἐφῠ́ημεν	ἐφῠ́ητε	ἐφῠ́ησᾰν
	subjunctive	φῠῶ	φῠῇς	φῠῇ	φῠῆτον	φῠῆτον	φῠῶμεν	φῠῆτε	φῠῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	φῠείην	φῠείης	φῠείη	φῠεῖτον, φῠείητον	φῠείτην, φῠειήτην	φῠεῖμεν, φῠείημεν	φῠεῖτε, φῠείητε	φῠεῖεν, φῠείησᾰν
	imperative		φῠ́ηθῐ	φῠήτω	φῠ́ητον	φῠήτων		φῠ́ητε	φῠέντων
							passive
infinitive							φῠῆναι
participle	m						φῠείς
	f						φῠεῖσᾰ
	n						φῠέν

Perfect: πέφῡκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πέφῡκᾰ	πέφῡκᾰς	πέφῡκε(ν)	πεφῡ́κᾰτον	πεφῡ́κᾰτον	πεφῡ́κᾰμεν	πεφῡ́κᾰτε	πεφῡ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πεφῡ́κω	πεφῡ́κῃς	πεφῡ́κῃ	πεφῡ́κητον	πεφῡ́κητον	πεφῡ́κωμεν	πεφῡ́κητε	πεφῡ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεφῡ́κοιμῐ, πεφῡκοίην	πεφῡ́κοις, πεφῡκοίης	πεφῡ́κοι, πεφῡκοίη	πεφῡ́κοιτον	πεφῡκοίτην	πεφῡ́κοιμεν	πεφῡ́κοιτε	πεφῡ́κοιεν
	imperative		πέφῡκε	πεφῡκέτω	πεφῡ́κετον	πεφῡκέτων		πεφῡ́κετε	πεφῡκόντων
		active
infinitive		πεφῡκέναι
participle	m	πεφῡκώς
	f	πεφῡκυῖᾰ
	n	πεφῡκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐπεφῡ́κειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεφῡ́κειν, ἐπεφῡ́κη	ἐπεφῡ́κεις, ἐπεφῡ́κης	ἐπεφῡ́κει(ν)	ἐπεφῡ́κετον	ἐπεφῡκέτην	ἐπεφῡ́κεμεν	ἐπεφῡ́κετε	ἐπεφῡ́κεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: πεφῡ́κειν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πεφῡ́κειν, πεφῡ́κη	πεφῡ́κεις, πεφῡ́κης	πεφῡ́κει(ν)	πεφῡ́κετον	πεφῡκέτην	πεφῡ́κεμεν	πεφῡ́κετε	πεφῡ́κεσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

φῦμα (phûma)
φύσις (phúsis)
φῠτόν (phutón)
φύτωρ (phútōr)
φῦλον (phûlon)

Related terms

φῡλή (phūlḗ)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φύομαι)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1597-8

φύω

Contents

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Inflection

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Further reading